Intro; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Causes of Chimerism in Humans; Chapter 1: Fertilization and Early Embryonic Errors; Introduction; Detection of Chimerism; Mechanisms of Abnormal Fertilization; Diandric Chimerism; Androgenetic Chimerism; Digynic Chimerism; Mechanisms of Abnormal Early Embryogenesis; Tetragametic Chimerism; Postzygotic Splitting; Mosaicism; Summary; References; Chapter 2: Pregnancy and Multiple Gestations; Introduction; Chimerism as a Result of Pregnancy; Chimerism as a Result of Multiple Gestations; Persistence of Chimerism.
Clinical Implications of Chimerism in Multiple GestationsSummary; References; Chapter 3: Transplantation and Transfusion; Introduction; Tissue Transplantation; Solid Organ Transplantation; Heart; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Pancreas; Intestine; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Blood Product Transfusion; Transfusion-Associated Microchimerism; Trauma; Combat; HIV; Immunocompetent; Importance of Microchimerism; References; Part II: Clinical Identification and Consequences of Chimerism; Chapter 4: Relationship Testing and Forensics; Introduction; Consequences of Chimerism in Forensics.
Consequences of Chimerism in Relationship TestingCase Study: A Chimeric Father's False Paternity Exclusion; Logic in Testing the Paternity of a Chimeric Alleged Father; Case Conclusions; Case Study: Identifying a Chimeric Child; Case Conclusions; Recommendations for Relationship and Forensic DNA Testing of Undiagnosed Chimera; Limitations to Current DNA Testing Systems; Alternative/Reflexive Testing Recommendations; Future Research; References; Chapter 5: Prenatal Genetic Testing and Screening; Introduction and Definitions; Types of Pregnancy-Related Chimerism.
Maternal Cells in the Fetus: Maternal Microchimerism (MMC)Fetal Cells in the Mother: Fetal Microchimerism (FMC); Cell-Free Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma: Transient Acellular Fetal Microchimerism; Pregnancies Resulting from Early Embryonic Chimerism; Chimerism and Mosaicism: Distinct Entities with Different Genetic Diagnostic Implications; Benefits and Pitfalls of Chimerism for Prenatal Genetic Testing; Cell-Based Noninvasive Prenatal Genetic Testing; Chimerism and Cell-Free DNA-Based Testing; Chimerism in Multiple Pregnancies; Monozygotic Twins; Dizygotic Twins.
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This text provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of chimerism. The first part of the volume presents the causes of chimerism, specifically focusing on fertilization and early embryonic errors, pregnancy and multiple gestations, and transplantation and transfusion. The second part of the volume outlines clinical identification and consequences of chimerism. Chapters in this section focus on the effects of chimerism on testing in relationship determination and forensics, prenatal genetic testing and screening, and blood and HLA typing. This part also reviews new data concerning matching donors and recipients for transplantation, while outlining the risks of transplantation, such as graft-vs-host disease and passenger lymphocyte syndrome. Additionally, evidence on the role of chimerism in autoimmune disease and cancer is presented. Written by experts in the field, Chimerism: A Clinical Guide is a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers that will help guide patient management and stimulate investigative efforts.