عنوان

Ores Sources, Smelters and Archaeometallurgy:

شماره

LA113502

زبان متن نوشتاري يا گفتاري و مانند آن

انگلیسی

عنوان اصلي

Ores Sources, Smelters and Archaeometallurgy:

نام عام مواد

[Article]

ساير اطلاعات عنواني

Exploring Iron Age Metal Production in the Southern Waterberg, South Africa

نام نخستين پديدآور

Foreman Bandama, Shadreck Chirikure, Simon Hall, et al.

محل نشرو پخش و غیره

Leiden

نام ناشر، پخش کننده و غيره

Brill

متن يادداشت

The Southern Waterberg in Limpopo Province is archaeologically rich, especially when it comes to evidence of pre-colonial mining and metal working. Geologically, the area hosts important mineral resources such as copper, tin and iron which were smelted by agriculturalists in the precolonial period. In this region however, tin seems to be the major attraction given that Rooiberg is still the only source of cassiterite in southern Africa to have provided evidence of mining before European colonization. This paper reports the results of archaeological and archaeometallurgical work which was carried out in order to reconstruct the technology of metalworking as well as the cultural interaction in the study area and beyond. The ceramic evidence shows that from the Eiland Phase (1000-1300 AD) onwards there was cross borrowing of characteristic decorative traits amongst extant groups that later on culminated in the creation of a new ceramic group known as Rooiberg. In terms of mining and metal working, XRF and SEM analyses, when coupled with optical microscopy, indicate the use of indigenous bloomery techniques that are widespread in pre-colonial southern Africa. Tin and bronze production was also represented and their production remains also pin down this metallurgy to particular sites and excludes the possibility of importing of finished tin and bronze objects into this area. The Southern Waterberg in Limpopo Province is archaeologically rich, especially when it comes to evidence of pre-colonial mining and metal working. Geologically, the area hosts important mineral resources such as copper, tin and iron which were smelted by agriculturalists in the precolonial period. In this region however, tin seems to be the major attraction given that Rooiberg is still the only source of cassiterite in southern Africa to have provided evidence of mining before European colonization. This paper reports the results of archaeological and archaeometallurgical work which was carried out in order to reconstruct the technology of metalworking as well as the cultural interaction in the study area and beyond. The ceramic evidence shows that from the Eiland Phase (1000-1300 AD) onwards there was cross borrowing of characteristic decorative traits amongst extant groups that later on culminated in the creation of a new ceramic group known as Rooiberg. In terms of mining and metal working, XRF and SEM analyses, when coupled with optical microscopy, indicate the use of indigenous bloomery techniques that are widespread in pre-colonial southern Africa. Tin and bronze production was also represented and their production remains also pin down this metallurgy to particular sites and excludes the possibility of importing of finished tin and bronze objects into this area.

تاريخ نشر

2013

توصيف ظاهري

243-267

عنوان

Journal of African Archaeology

شماره جلد

11/2

شماره استاندارد بين المللي پياييندها

2191-5784

اصطلاح موضوعی

archaeometallurgy

اصطلاح موضوعی

ceramic typology

اصطلاح موضوعی

interaction

اصطلاح موضوعی

Southern Waterberg

اصطلاح موضوعی

Tin and bronze production

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Foreman Bandama

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Shadreck Chirikure

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Simon Hall

شماره بازیابی

10.3213/2191-5784-10240

نام الکترونيکي

فرمت انتشار

p

نوع ماده

[Article]

کد کاربرگه

275578

سطح دسترسي

a

تكميل شده

Y