عنوان

Hormonal control of lactation.

شابک

3642813917

شابک

9783642813917

شماره

b554704

عنوان اصلي

Hormonal control of lactation.

نام عام مواد

[Book]

نام نخستين پديدآور

A T Cowie

محل نشرو پخش و غیره

Heidelberg

نام ناشر، پخش کننده و غيره

Springer

تاریخ نشرو بخش و غیره

2012

متن يادداشت

1. Introduction.- A. Importance of Milk.- I. Milk and the Nurture of the Young.- II. Milk as an Item of the Post-weaning Diet.- 1. Development of Dairying.- 2. Value of Milk in the Diet.- B. Lactation: Physiological Requirements and Demands.- I. Mammary Growth.- II. Milk Secretion.- III. Milk Removal.- IV. Behavioural Adaptations.- V. Metabolic Adaptations.- VI. Lactation in Prototherian and Metatherian Mammals.- VII. Duration of Lactation.- C. Lactation and Reproductive Cycle.- References.- 2. Properties and Regulatory Mechanisms of the Mammotrophic Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary and Placenta.- A. Isolation and Properties of Growth Hormone and Prolactin.- B. Isolation of Placental Lactogens.- C. Biological Effects.- D. Immunology.- E. Structure-Activity Relationships.- I. Basic Considerations.- II. Enzymic Digestion and Investigation of Active Peptide Fragments.- III. Chemical Modification.- 1. Disulphide Bonds.- 2. Tryptophan.- 3. Tyrosine.- 4. Methionine.- 5. Conclusions.- F. Peptide Hormone Heterogeneity.- G. Biosynthesis.- H. Regulatory Mechanisms.- I. Prolactin.- 1. Afferent Pathways and Neurotransmitters Involved in the Release of Prolactin.- 2. Prolactin-Releasing Factor.- 3. Role of Endogenous Opioid Peptides in Prolactin Secretion.- 4. Prolactin-Inhibiting Factor.- 5. Effect of Endogenous Hormones on Prolactin Secretion.- II. Growth Hormone.- 1. Extrahypothalamic Brain Areas and Neurotransmitters Involved in GH Secretion.- 2. Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor.- 3. Growth Hormone Release-Inhibiting Hormone (Somatostatin).- 4. Mode of Action of the Hypothalamic Regulatory Hormones.- 5. Effect of Endogenous Hormones on GH Secretion.- III. Placental Lactogen.- 1. Relation Between Placental Lactogen Production and Placental Weight in Sheep, Goats and Monkeys.- 2. Acute Changes in Placental Lactogen Levels.- 3. Placental Lactogen and Circulating Levels of Metabolites.- 4. Placental Lactogen and Catecholamines.- 5. Other Factors Investigated.- References.- 3. Growth and Development of the Mammary Gland.- A. Mammary Development in the Embryo and Fetus.- I. Stages of Development.- II. Experimental Analysis of Fetal Mammary Gland Development.- 1. Mammary Gland Morphogenesis In Vitro.- 2. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in Mammary Gland Development.- 3. The Role of Mesenchyme and the Response of Mouse Mammary Rudiments to Testosterone.- 4. Other Effects of Steroid Administration to the Fetus and Neonate.- 5. Response of Fetal Mammary Glands to Other Hormones.- B. Mammary Gland Development in Virgin, Pregnant and Lactating Females.- I. Methods of Evaluating Mammary Growth.- II. Stages of Development.- 1. Monotremes and Marsupials.- 2. Primates.- a) Rhesus Monkey.- b) Man.- 3. Lagomorpha.- a) Rabbit.- 4. Rodentia.- a) Hamster.- b) Rat and Mouse.- c) Guinea-pig.- 5. Carnivora.- a) Dog.- 6. Perissodactyla.- a) Horse.- 7. Artiodactyla.- a) Pig.- b) Cow, Sheep and Goat.- C. Involution.- D. Plasma Levels of Hormones Involved in Mammogenesis: Steroid Hormones of the Ovary, Adrenal Gland and Fetoplacental Unit.- I. Monotremata.- 1. Ornithorhynchidae.- a) Platypus.- II. Marsupialia.- 1. Phalangeridae.- a) Brush-tailed Possum.- 2. Macropodidae.- a) Tammar Wallaby.- III. Chiroptera.- 1. Phyllostomatidae.- a) California Leaf-nosed Bat.- IV. Primates.- 1. Cebidae.- a) Sqirrel Monkey.- 2. Cercopithecidae.- a) Rhesus Monkey.- b) Bonnet Monkey.- c) Japanese Monkey.- d) Baboon.- 3. Pongidae.- a) Chimpanzee.- 4. Hominidae.- a) Woman.- V. Lagomorpha.- 1. Leporidae.- a) European Hare.- b) Rabbit.- VI. Rodentia.- 1. Sciuridae.- a) Grey Squirrel.- 2. Cricetidae.- a) Golden Hamster.- 3. Muridae.- a) Rat.- b) Mouse.- 4. Caviidae.- a) Guinea-pig.- b) Cuis.- VII. Carnivora.- 1. Canidae.- a) Dog.- b) Blue (Arctic) Fox.- c) Red Fox.- 2. Mustelidae.- a) Ferret.- b) Mink.- c) Spotted Skunk (Western Form).- 3. Felidae.- a) Cat.- VIII. Pinnipedia.- 1. Otariidae.- a) Alaskan Fur Seal.- IX. Proboscidae.- 1. Elephantidae.- a) Elephant, African and Asian.- X. Perissodactyla.- 1. Equidae.- a) Horse.- XI. Artiodactyla.- 1. Suidae.- a) Pig.- 2. Cervidae.- a) White-tailed Deer.- b) Roe Deer.- 3. Bovidae.- a) Cow.- b) Goat.- c) Sheep.- XII. General Conclusions.- E. Plasma Levels of Hormones Involved in Mammogenesis: Prolactin, Growth Hormone and Placental Lactogen.- I. Primates.- II. Lagomorpha.- 1. Rabbit.- III. Rodentia.- 1. Hamster.- 2. Mouse and Rat.- IV. Carnivora.- 1. Dogs.- V. Perissodactyla.- 1. Horse.- VI. Artiodactyla.- 1. Pigs.- 2. Cows, Sheep, and Goats.- F. Endocrine Control of Mammary Gland Growth.- 1. Control of Mammary Duct Growth in the Rat and Mouse.- II. Control of Lobulo-alveolar Mammary Growth in the Rat and Mouse: Role of Placental Lactogen.- III. Lactational Mammary Growth in the Rat and Mouse.- IV. Mammary Gland Growth in Rabbits.- V. Mammary Gland Growth in Ruminants.- VI. Mammary Gland Growth in Primates.- VII. Other Factors in Mammary Gland Growth.- 1. Metabolic Hormones.- 2. Is the Effect of Oestrogen on Mammary Tissue Direct?.- 3. Relaxin.- 4. Polyamines.- 5. Chalones.- G. Experimental Induction of Mammary Growth and Lactation.- I. Women.- II. Animals.- 1. Oestrogen Treatments.- 2. Oestrogen-Progesterone Treatments.- 3. Adjunct Treatments.- 4. Levels of Hormones in the Blood.- III. Conclusions.- References.- 4. Lactation.- A. The Secretion of the Mammary Gland: Colostrum and Milk.- I. Nature and Composition.- II. Importance to the Neonate.- 1. Transmission of Immunity.- 2. Transmission of Hormones.- B. Lactogenesis.- I. Terminology.- II. Ultrastructure and Function of Mammary Epithelial Cells.- 1. Changes in Ultrastructure at Parturition and Their Relationship to Milk Composition.- 2. Mechanisms of Synthesis and Secretion.- a) Milk Proteins.- b) Lactose.- c) Milk Fat.- 3. Are Milk Synthesis and Secretion Controlled Independently?.- III. Changes in Mammary Gland Stroma.- IV. Hormonal Mechanisms in the Initiation of Lactation.- 1. Effects of Hormones on Mammary Gland Ultrastructure.- 2. Effects of Hormones on Messenger RNAs for Casein.- 3. Plasma Levels of Hormones and the Onset of Copious Milk Secretion.- C. Maintenance of Lactation.- I. Prolactin.- 1. Effect of Reduced Prolactin on Milk Secretion.- 2. Effect of Milking and Suckling on Prolactin Secretion.- 3. Circulating Prolactin and Milk Secretion.- 4. Increased Prolactin and Milk Secretion.- II. Growth Hormone.- 1. Effect of Milking and Suckling on Growth Hormone Secretion.- 2. Circulating Growth Hormone and Milk Secretion.- III. Thyroxine.- 1. Effect of Thyroidectomy on Milk Secretion.- 2. Effect of Thyroxine and Thyroactive Compounds on Milk Secretion.- 3. Circulating Thyroxine and Milk Secretion.- IV. Insulin.- 1. General.- 2. Circulating Insulin and Milk Secretion.- V. Corticosteroids.- 1. Non-ruminants.- 2. Ruminants.- VI. Oxytocin.- D. Milk-Ejection Reflex.- I. Early Studies on the Nature of Milk Ejection.- 1. Recognition of Milk Ejection.- 2. Milk Secretion and Milk Ejection.- 3. The Neuro-endocrine Reflex.- a) Studies in Animals.- b) Studies in Women.- II. Recent Investigations.- 1. Innervation of the Mammary Gland.- 2. Effective Stimuli.- 3. Afferent Pathways.- 4. Humoral Pathway.- 5. Contractile Tissue.- 6. Species Differences in the Importance of the Milk-Ejection Reflex.- 7. Tap Reflex.- III. Suckling and Nursing.- 1. Mechanics of Suckling.- 2. Frequency of Suckling and Patterns of Nursing.- 3. Relationship Between Suckling-Induced Release of Oxytocin and Prolactin.- E. Disturbances of Lactation.- I. Factors Involved.- 1. Nutritional.- 2. Pharmacological.- 3. Emotional Stress.- II. Mechanisms of Failure.- III. Disturbances in Animals.- IV. Disturbances in Women.- References.- 5. Hormone Assay Techniques Used in the Study of Lactation.- A. Methods of Bio-assay.- I. Growth Hormone.- II. Prolactin.- III. Placental Lactogen.- IV. International Standards for Bio-assay.- B. Radio-immunoassays and Radioreceptor Assays.- I. Iodinated Prolactin and Growth Hormone.- 11.

متن يادداشت

Do RIAs and RRAs for Prolactin and GH Measure the Biologically Relevant Hormone9.- 1. Prolactin RIA.- 2. Prolactin RRA.- 3. Growth Hormone RIA.- 4. Growth Hormone RRA.- 5. Conclusions.- C. Measurement of Prolactin in Milk by RIA.- References.- 6. Hormone Receptors in Mammary Gland and the Mechanisms of Hormone Action at the Cellular Level.- A. Methods for the Study of Hormone Binding Sites.- I. Cell Fractionation.- II. Cell Isolation.- III. Tissue Slices.- IV. Fluorescent Antibody Localization and Autoradiography.- V. Labelled Ligands.- VI. Specific and Non-specific Binding.- VII. The Coupling of Binding to Response.- B. Steroid Hormone Binding.- I. Oestrogens.- II. Progesterone.- III. Glucocorticoids.- IV. Androgens.- V. Steroid Hormone Binding and Biological Activity.- C. Binding of Thyroid and Polypeptide Hormones.- I. Thyroid Hormone.- II. Insulin.- III. Oxytocin.- IV. Prolactin and Other Lactogenic Hormones.- 1. Binding Studies.- 2. Changes in Prolactin Receptor with Physiological State in Rats, Mice and Rabbits.- 3. Control of Prolactin Receptors.- 4. Relation Between Prolactin Binding and Its Mechanism of Action.- References.

شماره رده

نشانه اثر

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

A T Cowie

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

A T Cowie

نام الکترونيکي

نوع ماده

[Book]

تكميل شده

Y