Front Cover Advances in Clinical Chemistry Copyright Contents Contributors Preface Chapter One: Advances in Cardiac Biomarkers of Acute Coronary Syndrome 1. Introduction 1.1. Acute Coronary Syndrome 1.2. Myocardial Infarction 2. Evolution of the Criteria to Define Myocardial Infarction 3. Troponin Structure, Function, and Circulating Isoforms 4. Standardization of Troponin Assays 5. Analytical Performance Characteristics and Terminology Related to Troponin Assays 5.1. Limit of Blank, Limit of Detection, and Limit of Quantitation. 5.2. Analytical Sensitivity and Imprecision at the 99th Percentile URL5.3. Classification of cTn Assays 6. Serial D̀̀elta ́́Troponin Changes 7. Point of Care Troponin Assays 7.1. Analytical Recommendations for POC cTn Assays 8. Preanalytical Factors Influencing cTn Results 8.1. Specimen Type 8.2. Hemolysis 8.3. Endogenous Interferences 9. Defining Normality and the 99th Percentile URL 9.1. Sex 9.2. Age 9.3. Surrogate Biomarkers 9.4. Population Size 9.5. Recommendations for Defining Normality 10. High-Sensitivity Troponin and Advancements in the Diagnosis of AMI. 10.1. Accelerated Serial Sampling Protocols for Rapid Rule-In/Rule-Out10.2. Frequency of AMI Diagnosis 11. High-Sensitivity Troponin Rule-Out Strategies 11.1. Undetectable Baseline Troponin Concentrations 11.2. Accelerated Diagnostic Protocols 12. Cardiac Troponin: Risk Stratification and Prognosis in Various Populations 12.1. Renal Disease 12.2. Perioperative Setting 13. Other Biomarkers in ACS 13.1. Natriuretic Peptides 13.2. Copeptin 13.3. Soluble ST2 14. Conclusions References Chapter Two: Vitamin D Testing-Where Are We and What Is on the Horizon? 1. Introduction. 2. Measurement of Vitamin D Metabolites2.1. Measurement of 25OH Vitamin D 2.1.1. Physical Detection Methods-25OH Vitamin D 2.1.2. Immunoassays-25OH Vitamin D 2.2. Measurement of 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D 2.2.1. Physical Detection Methods-1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D 2.2.2. Immunoassays-1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D 2.3. Free and Bioavailable 25OH Vitamin D 2.4. 24,25(OH)2 Vitamin D 2.5. C3-epi-25OH Vitamin D 3. Future Directions 3.1. Improvement of Existing Methods 3.2. Novel Assays 4. Conclusion References Chapter Three: Urine Exosomes: An Emerging Trove of Biomarkers 1. Introduction. 2. Composition and Biogenesis3. Candidate Biomarkers 4. Methodology 4.1. Storage and Processing 4.2. Isolation 4.2.1. Ultracentrifugation 4.2.2. Filtration 4.2.3. Precipitation 4.2.4. Affinity Purification 4.2.5. Microfluidics 4.3. Quantification 4.4. Constituent Analysis 5. Barriers 6. Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter Four: Identification of Genomic Somatic Variants in Cancer: From Discovery to Actionability 1. Introduction 2. Current Sequencing Platforms and Assay Design 2.1. Identification of Variants.
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