Synchrotron Radiation Sources; Configuration of a Typical Beamline; Glow Discharges and Wall Stabilized Arcs; Hollow Cathode, Penning, and Electron-Beam Excitation Sources; Laser Produced Plasmas; Transition Radiation; Vacuum Ultraviolet Lasers; Radiometric Characterization of VUV Sources; Imaging Properties and Aberrations of Spherical Optics and Nonspherical Optics; Reflectometers; Reflectance Spectra of Single Materials; Polarization; Optical Properties of Materials; Reflecting Optics: Multilayers; Zone Plates; Windows and Filters; Diffraction Gratings; Multilayer Gratings; Crystal Optics; Normal-Incidence Monochromators and Spectrometers; Grazing-Incidence Monochromators for Third-Generation Synchrotron Radiation Sources; Spectographs and Monochromators Using Varied Line Spacing Gratings; Interferometric Spectrometers; Gas Detectors; Photodiode Detectors; Amplifying and Position Sensitive Detectors; Absolute Flux Measurements; Vacuum Techniques; Lithography; X-Ray Spectromicroscopy; Optical Spectroscopy in the VUV Region; Soft X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy.