Intro; Foreword; Contents; Introduction to the New Maritime Arctic; 1 Introduction; 2 Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment: Policy Framework; 3 Forces of Change; 4 Current Arctic Marine Traffic and Key Routes; 5 New IMO Polar Code; 6 Chapter Themes and Issues; 7 Challenges and the Future; References; Part I: The Polar Code and Beyond; The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code); 1 Introduction; 2 International Regulatory Framework for Shipping in Polar Waters; 3 International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code); 3.1 Background
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2.3 Extending the Polar Code to Non-SOLAS Ships2.4 Polar Code-Related Amendments to the Survey Guidelines; 3 Potential New Measures; 3.1 Routeing and Reporting Systems; Vessel Traffic Services; 3.1.1 Mandatory Ship Reporting Systems in Straits; 3.2 Port State Control; 3.3 ISPS Code; 3.4 Special Protection for Arctic Ocean Areas under the Cognizance of MEPC (Det Norske Veritas (DNV) 2014a); 3.4.1 MARPOL Special Areas; 3.4.2 Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs); 3.4.3 Emission Control Areas (ECAs); 3.4.3.1 Black Carbon; 3.4.3.2 Arctic Council; 3.4.4 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
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3.2 Status and Structure of the Code3.3 Objectives of the Code; 3.4 General Requirements; 3.5 Maritime Safety Related Requirements; 3.6 Marine Environmental Related Requirements; 3.7 Related IMO Guidelines and Recommendations; 3.8 Further Work Related to the Polar Code; 4 Associated SOLAS and MARPOL Amendments Making the Polar Code Mandatory; 5 Training and Certification Requirements for Officers and Crews on Ships Operating in Polar Areas; 6 Other Polar Shipping Related Issues; 6.1 Objectives of the Code; 6.2 Use and Carriage of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) in the Arctic; 6.3 Other Issues
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3.5 Ballast Water Controls3.6 Anti-Fouling; 4 Conclusions; References; Part II: Arctic Ship Monitoring/Tracking; Arctic Environment Preservation Through Grounding Avoidance; 1 Introduction; 2 New Technology to Navigate the Global Ocean; 3 The Arctic Routes; 4 Increasing Arctic Casualties and Groundings; 5 Challenges of Arctic Navigation; 5.1 Navigation Charts; 5.2 Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS); 5.3 Aids to Navigation (AtoN); 5.4 Communications; 5.5 Environmental Sensing; 6 Enhanced Environmental Situational Awareness; 6.1 Navigation Sonar
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7 ConclusionReferences; Arctic Maritime Safety: The Human Element Seen from the Captainś Table; 1 Introduction; 2 Risks of Arctic Shipping; 3 The Human Element and Human Error; 4 The Element of Uncertainty; 5 Human Resources; 6 Multicultural Shipping; 7 Continuous Improvement of Safety and Crew Involvement; 8 Communication; 9 Conclusion and Discussion; References; Beyond the Polar Code: IMO Measures for Assuring Safe and Environmentally Sound Arctic Navigation; 1 Introduction; 2 Current Work on the Polar Code; 2.1 Risk Assessment; 2.2 Additional Performance and Test Standards
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SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
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This volume brings together multiple perspectives on both the changing Arctic environment and the challenges and opportunities it presents for the shipping sector. It argues for the adoption of a forward-looking agenda that respects the fragile and changing Arctic frontier. With the accelerated interest in and potential for new maritime trade routes, commercial transportation and natural resource development, the pressures on the changing Arctic marine environment will only increase. The International Maritime Organization Polar Code is an important step toward Arctic stewardship. This new volume serves as an important guide to this rapidly developing agenda. Addressing a range of aspects, it offers a valuable resource for academics, practitioners, environmentalists and affected authorities in the shipping industry alike.