عنوان

Risk Reduction :

(Number (ISBN

0203482913

(Number (ISBN

9780203482919

Number

b547540

Title Proper

Risk Reduction :

General Material Designation

[Book]

Other Title Information

Chemicals and energy into the 21st Century.

First Statement of Responsibility

Mervyn Richardson

Place of Publication, Distribution, etc.

London

Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.

CRC Press

Date of Publication, Distribution, etc.

1996

Specific Material Designation and Extent of Item

(636 pages)

Text of Note

9.5.1 Expanding and accelerating the international assessment of chemical risks (A) --;9.5.2 Harmonization of classification and labeling of chemicals (B) --;9.5.3 Information exchange on toxic chemicals and chemical risks (C) --;9.5.4 Establishment of risk reduction programs (D) --;9.5.5 Strengthening of national capabilities for management of chemicals (E) --;9.5.6 Prevention of illegal international traffic in toxic and dangerous products (F) --;9.5.5 Enhancement of international cooperation relating to several of the program areas (G) --;9.6 THE LEGAL STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL PROVISIONS --;9.7 THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY --;9.7.1 The status of the EC as an international player --;9.7.2 The EC response --;9.7.3 Policy --;9.7.4 Legislative --;9.8 EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY --;9.9 CONCLUSION --;9.10 REFERENCES --;10 Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers: A Promising Tool to Promote Risk Reduction in Developed and Industrializing Countries --;10.1 INTRODUCTION --;10.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE PRTR CONCEPT --;10.3 EXISTING PRTR SYSTEMS --;10.3.1 United States Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)5 --;10.3.2 Canadian National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI)6 --;10.3.3 The Netherlands Individual and Collective Emissions Inventory7 --;10.3.4 United Kingdom Chemical Release Inventory8 --;10.4 NATIONAL PRTR SYSTEMS UNDER DEVELOPMENT --;10.4.1 The Australian National Pollutant Inventory (NPI)9 --;10.4.2 Mexico's 'Registro de Emisiones y Transferencia de Contaminantes'10 --;10.4.3 South Africa's Pilot PRTR Programme11 --;10.5 USE OF PRTR INFORMATION BY GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY AND THE PUBLIC --;10.5.1 Use of PRTR information by the government --;10.5.1.1 Streamlining regulatory reporting --;10.5.1.2 Measuring cleaner production --;10.5.1.3 Strengthening national environmental information systems --;10.5.2 Use of PRTR information by industry.

Text of Note

Book Cover --;Title --;Copyright --;Contents --;Preface --;Contributors --;Abbreviations and Acronyms --;Acknowledgements --;Definitions --;Introduction --;SECTION 1: PROLOG --;1 Prolog --;1.1 BACKGROUND --;1.2 WHAT IS RISK REDUCTION? --;1.3 OECD AND RISK REDUCTION --;1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK REDUCTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT --;1.5 UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (UNCED) RIO de JANEIRO JULY 1992 --;1.6 HAZARD CATEGORIES (CHEMICALS) --;1.7 TRAINING --;1.7.1 Training by workshops --;1.7.2 Training outcome --;1.8 CONCLUDING COMMENTS --;1.9 REFERENCES --;SECTION 2: INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW --;2 Risk Reduction of Environmental Pollution and Water Resources Problems for Sustainable Development --;2.1 INTRODUCTION --;2.2 BASIC CONCEPTS IN RISK REDUCTION --;2.2.1 Risk management --;2.2.2 Risk assessment and chemical safety --;2.2.3 The role of environmental impact assessment in risk assessment --;2.2.4 Risk characterization --;2.2.5 Risk communication --;2.2.6 Sustainable development --;2.2.7 Population increase --;2.2.8 Risks in water resources --;2.2.9 Financial difficulties in the application of risk reduction measures --;2.3 LEGISLATIONS STANDARDS AND MANAGEMENT MODELS --;2.3.1 Area-wide environmental quality management model --;2.4 THE IMPORTANCE OF CAPACITY BUILDING FOR RISK REDUCTION --;2.4.1 The need for capacity building for risk reduction in water resources problems --;2.4.2 Case study: capacity building for the operation of drinking water treatment plants --;2.5 THE USE OF MODELING IN DECISION MAKING FOR RISK REDUCTION --;2.5.1 Case study : economics of pollution abatement for İzmit Bay in Turkey --;2.6 SOME RISK RELATED WATER RESOURCES PROBLEMS --;2.6.1 Ground water pollution due to leachate of sanitary landfills --;2.6.2 Case studies. 2.6.2.1 EIA of the Konya irrigation project for reducing the risk of water quality degradation --;2.6.2.2 Assessment of the construction of the Duncan and Libby dams in British Columbia with respect to fresh water production ecology --;2.7 THE COST OF RISK REDUCTION IN WATER RESOURCES AND FLOOD CONTROL --;2.7.1 Flood control --;2.7.2 Case studies --;2.7.2.1 Flood risk reduced design of Vakfikebir bridge --;2.7.2.2 Floods in Turkey between 1955-1990 and their damage estimates --;2.8 RISK REDUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT --;2.8.1 Case study: measures for reducing the risk of environmental damage created by industrial and municipal activities in the Karasu Basin of Turkey --;2.9 COMMENTS --;2.10 REFERENCES --;3 Risk Reduction Through Cleaner Industrial Production --;3.1 INTRODUCTION --;3.2 THE EVOLUTION TO THE CLEANER INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION CONCEPT --;3.3 CLEANING, CLEAN, CLEANER --;3.3.1 Cleaning --;3.3.2 Clean --;3.3.3 Cleaner --;3.4 INCENTIVES TO CIP --;3.5 BARRIERS TO CIP --;3.6 THE CIP ACTORS --;3.7 THE ECONOMY OF CIP --;3.8 COST ACCOUNTING FOR CIP --;3.9 AUDIT STEPS TO IMPLEMENT CLEANER INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION --;3.10 SOURCE REDUCTION OPTIONS FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION --;3.11 MATERIAL SUBSTITUTION, PRODUCT REFORMULATION AND LIFECYCLE ASSESSMENT --;3.11.1 General --;3.11.2 Evaluation of risk --;3.11.3 Data on hazardous properties of chemicals --;3.12 CIP AT THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE --;3.13 WATER MANAGEMENT IN CIP --;3.13.1 Water management principles --;3.13.2 Wastewater sources and reuse --;3.13.3 Water management audit --;3.13.4 Technologies for water recovery --;3.14 ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN CIP --;3.14.1 General --;3.14.2 Energy systems --;3.14.3 Energy management program --;3.14.4 Energy audits --;3.14.4.1 Analysis of components --;3.14.4.2 Energy balances of processes. 3.14.4.3 Pinch technology analysis36-38 --;3.14.4.4 Exergy analysis --;3.14.4.5 Field walk-through surveys --;3.14.4.6 Use of rules of thumb --;3.15 MEASURING THE PROGRESS IN TOXIC REDUCTION --;3.16 REFERENCES --;4 Risk Reduction, A Comparison of the Problems of Toxic Wastes in Developed and Developing Countries --;4.1 INTRODUCTION --;4.2 THE PROCESSES OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT --;4.2.1 Case history: wastewater treatment --;4.2.2 Case history: toxicity test development --;4.3 TRANSFER OR TRANSPLANT? --;4.4 CONCEPTS OF POLLUTION AND ASSOCIATED RISKS --;4.4.1 Case study: pollution in a small Yorkshire stream --;4.4.2 Case study: copper smelter wastewater treatment --;4.4.3 Case study: pollution and restoration of Lake Mariut --;4.4.4 Case study: large town in China --;4.5 WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN CONTEXT --;4.6 SYSTEMATIC DEVELOPMENT OF TOXICITY ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION STRATEGIES --;4.7 CONCLUSIONS --;4.8 DISCLAIMER --;4.9 REFERENCES --;5 Factors to be Considered for Accomplishing Risk Reduction --;5.1 INTRODUCTION --;5.1.1 Principles of risk reduction --;5.1.2 Factors involved in risk reduction --;5.1.3 Accuracy of risk assessment --;5.1.4 Public perception --;5.1.5 Strategies to reduce risk --;5.2 CASES DEMONSTRATING VARIOUS DEGREES OF SUCCESS IN RISK REDUCTION --;5.2.1 Aflatoxin --;5.2.1 Dioxins --;5.3 CONCLUSION --;5.4 ACKNOWLEDGMENT --;5.5 REFERENCES --;6 Economics and the Environment --;6.1 INTRODUCTION --;6.2 FREE MARKET ECONOMIES --;6.3 MONITORING --;6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS --;6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCIES --;6.5.1 A model agency --;6.5.2 Principles involved in sustainable development --;6.5.3 The contribution which the environmental agency is to make towards achieving sustainable development --;6.5.4 Costs and benefits --;6.5.5 Guidance material --;6.6 POLLUTION CONTROL AND ITS ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES --;6.7 THE BLACK SEA REGION. 6.7.1 Economic failure --;6.7.2 Environmental economics --;6.8 TRANSBOUNDARY CONSEQUENCES --;6.9 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS TO IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENT --;6.10 ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND INVESTMENTS --;6.11 ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND SUSTAIN ABILITY --;6.12 CONCLUSIONS --;6.13 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --;6.14 REFERENCES --;7 Quality Aspects in Lithuania --;7.1 INTRODUCTION --;7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT --;7.3 ECO-CYCLE --;7.4 ECOLABEL --;7.5 STANDARDS --;7.6 ONE-WAY ECONOMY --;7.7 CLOSED-CYCLE ECONOMY --;7.8 ENVIRONMENTAL OUTPUTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL INPUTS --;7.9 THE LITHUANIAN WASTE MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE --;7.10 AND RISK MANAGEMENT --;7.11 PRODUCT AND ENVIRONMENT --;7.12 PRODUCT AND MARKET --;7.13 REFERENCES --;SECTION 3: UNCED AGENDA 21 AND INTO THE 21st CENTURY --;8 UNCED Agenda 21 Risk Reduction Strategies --;8.1 INTRODUCTION --;8.2 ESTABLISHMENT OF RISK REDUCTION PROGRAMS --;8.2.1 Poland --;8.2.2 Canada --;8.2.3. USA --;8.2.4 New Zealand --;8.3 POLLUTANT RELEASE AND TRANSFER REGISTERS --;8.3.1 USA --;8.3.2 OECD --;8.3.3 New Zealand --;8.4 CODE OF ETHICS ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN CHEMICALS --;8.5 CLEAN TECHNOLOGY --;8.6 PESTICIDES --;8.7 PREVENTION OF MAJOR INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS --;8.8 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS --;8.9 POISON CONTROL CENTERS --;8.10 CHEMICAL SUBSTITUTION --;8.10.1 Chlorofluorocarbons in medical inhalers --;8.10.2 Lead in petrol --;8.11 RISK REDUCTION PROGRAMS --;8.12 TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS --;8.13 CONCLUDING REMARKS --;8.14 REFERENCES --;9 The Challenge of Chapter 19, Agenda 21: The European Response --;9.1 INTRODUCTION --;9.2 THE RIO CONFERENCE --;9.3 AGENDA 21 --;9.4 CHAPTER 19: 'Environmentally Sound Management of Toxic Chemicals including prevention of illegal international traffic in toxic and dangerous products' --;9.5 THE SIX PROGRAM AREAS.

Text of Note

Concerned with the need to reduce chemical risks, this text also covers related biological and physical risks. It discusses the decision-making process involving the political, socioeconomic, engineering, and natural sciences so as to develop.

Chemicals -- Safety measures.

Energy industries -- Safety measures.

Environmental policy.

Class number

Book number

Mervyn Richardson

Mervyn Richardson

Electronic name

[Book]

Y