عنوان

Corrosion of steel in concrete

شابک

3527308008

کد کشور

IR

شماره

7066

زبان متن نوشتاري يا گفتاري و مانند آن

انگلیسی

کشور محل نشر

IR

عنوان اصلي

Corrosion of steel in concrete

نام عام مواد

[Book]

ساير اطلاعات عنواني

:prevention, diagnosis, repair

نام نخستين پديدآور

/ Luca Bertolini, Bernard Elsener, Pietro Pedeferri, Rob Polder

محل نشرو پخش و غیره

Weinheim ; Cambridge

نام ناشر، پخش کننده و غيره

: Wiley-VCH

تاریخ نشرو بخش و غیره

,2004.

نام خاص و کميت اثر

xvii, 392 p. ill.

متن يادداشت

Language: انگلیسی

متن يادداشت

Print - Electronic

متن يادداشت

Includes bibliographical references and index.

متن يادداشت

Contents Preface XIII Foreword XVII Part IProperties of Cementitious Materials 1 1 Cements and Cement Paste 3 1.1 Cement Types and Hydration Reaction 3 1.2 Porosity and Transport Processes 5 1.2.1 Water/cement Ratio and Curing 6 1.2.2 Porosity, Permeability and Percolation 8 1.3 Blended Cements 10 1.3.1 Pozzolanic Materials 10 1.3.2 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag 12 1.3.3 Properties of Blended Cements 12 1.4 Common Cements 14 1.5 Other Types of Cement 17 2 Transport Processes in Concrete 21 2.1 Composition of Pore Solution and Water Content 22 2.1.1 Composition of Pore Solution 23 2.1.2 Water in Concrete 23 2.1.3 Water Content and Transport Processes 26 2.2 Diffusion 28 2.2.1 Stationary Diffusion 28 2.2.2 Non-stationary Diffusion 29 2.2.3 Diffusion and Binding 32 2.3 Capillary Suction 32 2.4 Permeation 34 2.4.1 Water Permeability Coefficient 34 2.4.2 Gas Permeability Coefficient 35 2.5 Migration 36 2.5.1 Ion Transport in Solution 36 2.5.2 Ion Transport in Concrete 37 2.5.3 Resistivity of Concrete 38 2.6 Mechanisms and Significant Parameters 39 3 Degradation of Concrete 49 3.1 Freeze-thaw Attack 50 3.1.1 Mechanism 51 3.1.2 Factors Influencing Frost Resistance 52 3.1.3 Air-entrained Concrete 53 3.2 Attack by Acids and Pure Water 55 3.2.1 Acid Attack 55 3.2.2 Biogenic Sulfuric Acid Attack 56 3.2.3 Attack by Pure Water 57 3.2.4 Ammonium Attack 58 3.3 Sulfate Attack 58 3.3.1 Mechanism 58 3.3.2 Protection 59 3.4 Alkali Silica Reaction 60 3.4.1 Alkali Content in Cement and Pore Solution 60 3.4.2 Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) 62 3.5 Attack by Seawater 64 Part IIMechanisms of Corrosion 69 4 General Aspects 71 4.1 Initiation and Propagation of Corrosion 71 4.1.1 Initiation Phase 71 4.1.2 Propagation Phase 72 4.2 Corrosion Rate 73 4.3 Consequences 74 4.4 Behaviour of Other Metals 76 5 Carbonation-induced Corrosion 79 5.1 Carbonation of Concrete 79 5.1.1 Penetration of Carbonation 80 5.1.2 Factors that Influence the Carbonation Rate 80 5.2 Initiation Time 85 5.2.1 Parabolic Formula 85 5.2.2 Other Formulas 86 5.3 Corrosion Rate 86 5.3.1 Carbonated and Chloride-contaminated Concrete 89 6 Chloride-induced Corrosion 91 6.1 Pitting Corrosion 92 6.2 Corrosion Initiation 93 6.2.1 Chloride Threshold 94 6.2.2 Chloride Penetration 98 6.2.3 Surface Content (Cs) 100 6.2.4 Apparent Diffusion Coefficient 102 6.3 Corrosion Rate 104 7 Electrochemical Aspects 109 7.1 Electrochemical Mechanism of Corrosion 109 7.2 Non-carbonated Concrete without Chlorides 112 7.2.1 Anodic Polarization Curve 112 7.2.2 Cathodic Polarization Curve 114 7.2.3 Corrosion Conditions 115 7.3 Carbonated Concrete 116 7.4 Concrete Containing Chlorides 118 7.4.1 Corrosion Initiation and Pitting Potential 118 7.4.2 Propagation 119 7.4.3 Repassivation 120 7.5 Structures Cathodically or Anodically Polarized 121 8 Macrocells 125 8.1 Structures Exposed to the Atmosphere 125 8.2 Buried Structures and Immersed Structures 127 8.3 Electrochemical Aspects 130 9 Stray-current-induced Corrosion 135 9.1 DC Stray Current 136 9.1.1 Alkaline and Chloride-free Concrete 136 9.1.2 Passive Steel in Chloride-contaminated Concrete 141 9.1.3 Corroding Steel 142 9.2 AC Stray Current 142 9.3 High-strength Steel 143 9.4 Inspection 144 9.5 Protection from Stray Current 145 10 Hydrogen-induced Stress-corrosion Cracking 147 10.1 Stress-corrosion Cracking (SCC) 147 10.2 Failure under Service of High-strength Steel 149 10.2.1 Crack Initiation 149 10.2.2 Crack Propagation 150 10.2.3 Fast Propagation 151 10.2.4 Critical Conditions 152 10.2.5 Fracture Surface 153 10.3 Metallurgical, Mechanical and Load Conditions 155 10.3.1 Susceptibility of Steel to HI-SCC 156 10.4 Environmental Conditions 157 10.5 Hydrogen Generated During Operation 158 10.6 Hydrogen Generated before Ducts are Filled 161 Part IIIPrevention 163 11 Design for Durability 165 11.1 Conditions of Aggressiveness 166 11.2 Concrete Quality 168 11.3 Cracks 172 11.4 Thickness of the Concrete Cover 174 11.5 Service-life Modelling and Refined Methods for Service-life Design 175 11.5.1 Evaluation of the Service Life with Respect to Carbonation 177 11.5.2 Evaluation of the Service Life with Respect to Chloride Penetration 177 11.6 Performance-based Service-life Design According to DuraCrete 178 11.6.1 Initiation Time for Carbonation-induced Corrosion 181 11.6.2 Propagation Time for Carbonation- (and Chloride)-induced Corrosion 181 11.6.3 Initiation Time for Marine Structures 182 11.6.4 Design Equation for Chloride-induced Corrosion Initiation 183 11.6.5 Tabulated Values 185 11.6.6 Safety Factors 186 11.6.7 Calculation and Results 186 11.6.8 Concluding Remarks 187 11.7 Additional Protection Measures 187 11.7.1 Preventative Measures in the Presence of Chlorides 189 12 Concrete Technology for Corrosion Prevention 193 12.1 Constituents of Concrete 193 12.1.1 Cement 193 12.1.2 Aggregates 194 12.1.3 Mixing Water 195 12.1.4 Admixtures 195 12.2 Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete 196 12.2.1 Workability 196 12.2.2 Strength 198 12.2.3 Deformation 201 12.2.4 Shrinkage and Cracking 201 12.3 Mix Design 202 12.4 Concrete Manufacturing 204 12.4.1 Mixing, Handling, Placement, and Compaction 205 12.4.2 Curing 206 12.5 Design Details 208 12.6 Concrete with Special Properties 210 12.6.1 Concrete with Mineral Additions 210 12.6.2 High-performance Concrete (HPC) 212 12.6.3 Self-compacting Concrete (SCC) 212 13 Corrosion Inhibitors 217 13.1 Mechanism of Corrosion Inhibitors 218 13.2 Mode of Action of Corrosion Inhibitors 218 13.3 Corrosion Inhibitors to Prevent or Delay Corrosion Initiation 219 13.4 Corrosion Inhibitors to Reduce the Propagation Rate of Corrosion 223 13.5 Transport of the Inhibitor into Mortar or Concrete 224 13.6 Field Tests and Experience with Corrosion Inhibitors 226 13.7 Critical Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors 227 13.8 Effectiveness of Corrosion Inhibitors 228 14 Surface Treatments 231 14.1 General Remarks 231 14.2 Organic Coatings 233 14.2.1 Properties and Testing 234 14.2.2 Performance 236 14.3 Hydrophobic Treatment 237 14.3.1 Properties and Testing 239 14.3.2 Performance 240 14.4 Treatments that Block Pores 241 14.5 Cementitious Coatings and Layers 242 14.6 Concluding Remarks on Effectiveness and Durability of Surface Treatments 243 15 Corrosion-resistant Reinforcement 249 15.1 Steels for Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete 249 15.1.1 Reinforcing Bars 249 15.1.2 Prestressing Steel 251 15.1.3 Corrosion Behaviour 252 15.2 Stainless-Steel Rebars 253 15.2.1 Properties of Stainless-Steel Rebars 253 15.2.2 Corrosion Resistance 255 15.2.3 Coupling with Carbon Steel 258 15.2.4 Applications and Cost 260 15.3 Galvanized-Steel Rebars 261 15.3.1 Properties of Galvanized-steel bars 261 15.3.2 Corrosion Resistance 263 15.4 Epoxy-coated Rebars 264 15.4.1 Properties of the Coating 265 15.4.2 Corrosion Resistance 265 15.4.3 Practical Aspects 266 15.4.4 Effectiveness 266 Part IVDiagnosis 271 16 Inspection and Condition Assessment 273 16.1 Visual Inspection and Cover Depth 273 16.2 Electrochemical Inspection Techniques 276 16.2.1 Half-cell Potential Mapping 277 16.2.2 Resistivity Measurements 283 16.2.3 Corrosion Rate 287 16.3 Chemical Analysis of Concrete 291 16.3.1 Carbonation Depth 291 16.3.2 Chloride Determination 292 17 Monitoring 299 17.1 Introduction 299 17.2 Monitoring with Non-electrochemical Sensors 300 17.3 Monitoring with Electrochemical Sensors 305 17.4 Critical Factors 307 17.5 On the Way to "Smart Structures" 308 Part VRepair 313 18 Principles and Methods for Repair 315 18.1 Repair Options 315 18.2 Basic Repair Principles 319 18.3 Repair Methods for Carbonated Structures 320 18.3.1 Repassivation 320 18.3.2 Reduction of the Moisture Content of the Concrete 323 18.3.3 Coating of the Reinforcement 323 18.4 Repair Methods for Chloride-contaminated Structures 324 18.4.1 Repassivation 324 18.4.2 Cathodic Protection 326 18.4.3 Other Methods 327 19 Conventional Repair 329 19.1 Assessment of the Condition of the Structure 329 19.2 Removal of Concrete 330 19.2.1 Definition of Concrete to be Removed 330 19.2.2 Techniques for Concrete Removal 335 19.2.3 Surface Preparation 336 19.3 Preparation of Reinforcement 336 19.4 Application of Repair Material 337 19.4.1 Requirements 337 19.4.2 Repair Materials 338 19.4.3 Specifications and Tests 339 19.5 Additional Protection 340 19.6 Strengthening 341 20 Electrochemical Techniques 345 20.1 Development of the Techniques 346 20.1.1 Cathodic Protection 346 20.1.2 Cathodic Prevention 347 20.1.3 Electrochemical Chloride Removal 348 20.1.4 Electrochemical Realkalization 349 20.2 Effects of the Circulation of Current 349 20.2.1 Beneficial Effects 349 20.2.2 Side Effects 350 20.2.3 How Various Techniques Work 352 20.3 Cathodic Protection and Cathodic Prevention 354 20.3.1 Cathodic Protection of Steel in Chloride-contaminated Concrete 354 20.3.2 Cathodic Prevention 356 20.3.4 Cathodic Protection in Carbonated Concrete 357 20.3.5 Throwing Power 358 20.3.6 The Anode System 359 20.3.7 Practical Aspects 360 20.4 Electrochemical Chloride Extraction and Realkalisation 363 20.4.1 Electrochemical Chloride Extraction 364 20.4.2 Electrochemical Realkalisation 369 20.4.3 Practical Aspects 373 Index 381

موضوع مستند نشده

Reinforcing bars- Corrosion

موضوع مستند نشده

Reinforced concrete- Corrosion

موضوع مستند نشده

Steel, Structural- Corrosion

شماره رده

نشانه اثر

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Bertolini, Luca

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Elsener, Bernhard

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Pedeferri, Pietro,1938-

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Polder, R

کشور

ایران

وضعیت فهرست نویسی

old catalog

فرمت انتشار

pe

نوع ماده

BL

پیشوند ISBD اعمال شده است

1

سطح دسترسي

a

تكميل شده

Y