Trial and Error: Cultural Negotiation and the Circassian Diaspora in the Shariah Court Records of Ottoman and Inter-War Jordan, 1878-1939
[Thesis]
Dazey, Theresa
Hanson, John H.
Indiana University
2020
231 p.
Ph.D.
Indiana University
2020
The Circassian diaspora in present-day Jordan is descended from Muslim refugees who fled Russian expansion into the Caucasus region during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Early Circassian migrants faced limited material support from the Ottoman central government in establishing communities in areas often claimed by Arab nomadic and sedentary neighbors, but the diaspora settlements gradually developed while also preserving Circassian languages, culture, and identity. The challenges of Circassian diaspora members in balancing group cohesion with engagement in mainstream Ottoman and Arab political, legal, and social institutions is examined through their involvement in local court systems as captured in court records of case proceedings and litigant testimony. These documents illustrate significant Circassian agency despite assimilatory pressures from various imperial and national authorities, with conscious adjustments to maintain a distinctive group identity over multiple generations, while selectively participating in mainstream Jordanian society.