FINE PARTICLE (2.5 MICRONS) EMISSIONS; CONTENTS; 1 INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Overview of Particulate Matter (PM) Control; 1.2 PM; 1.3 PM(10); 1.4 PM(2.5); 1.4.1 PM(2.5) Monitoring Goals; 1.4.2 PM(2.5) Program Objectives; 1.4.3 PM(2.5) Data Uses; 1.4.4 Trends in PM(2.5); 1.4.5 Nanoparticles; 1.5 The Scientific Basis for Ambient Air Quality Standards; 1.6 Primary Standards vs. Secondary Standards; 1.7 PM Effects of Concern; 1.7.1 Secondary Effects; 1.8 Who Is Most at Risk?; 1.9 Current Legislation; 1.9.1 Federal Legislation; 1.9.1.1 Form of the Standard; 1.9.1.2 Standard Level; 1.9.1.3 Averaging Times.
1.9.2 State Legislation1.9.2.1 Enforcement Responsibilities; 1.9.2.2 Enforcement Flexibility; 1.9.2.3 Staffing and Other Practical Concerns; 1.9.2.4 National Variations in Enforcement; 1.9.2.5 Permitting-A Tool Used to Achieve Early Enforcement; 1.10 References; 2 HEALTH EFFECTS; 2.1 Results of Recent Studies; 2.1.1 PM(2.5) vs. PM(10-2.5), PM(10), and Coarser Particles; 2.1.2 Air Pollution Species and Health Effects; 2.2 EPA Position on Certain Health Effects; 2.2.1 Premature Deaths; 2.2.2 Respiratory Illness in Children; 2.2.3 Cardiovascular Illness; 2.3 References; 3 AIR MONITORING.
3.1 AMBIENT AIR MONITORING METHODS3.1.1 Introduction and Scope; 3.1.2 Terminology; 3.1.3 Summary of Test Method; 3.1.4 Apparatus; 3.1.5 Procedures; 3.1.6 PM(2.5) Test Procedures; 3.1.7 PM(2.5) Measurement Range; 3.1.8 Calculations; 3.1.9 Calibration and Maintenance; 3.1.10 Precision and Bias; 3.1.11 Endnotes; 3.1.12 References; 3.2 EMISSION MEASUREMENT METHODS; 3.2.1 List of EPA PM Mass Measurement Test Methods; 3.2.2 EPA Stationary (Point) Source PM Mass Measurement Test Methods; 3.2.2.1 EPA Test Method 5 for Total PM Mass; 3.2.2.2 EPA Test Method 5 Variations: 5A-5H.
3.2.3 EPA Test Methods for PM(10) from Stationary Sources3.2.3.1 Method 201: Determination of PM(10) Emissions-Exhaust Gas Recycle Procedure; 3.2.3.2 Methods 201A: Determination of PM(10) Emissions-Constant Sampling Rate Procedure; 3.2.4 EPA Test Method 17: Determination of PM Emissions from Stationary Sources-In-Stack Filtration Method; 3.2.5 Method 202 for Condensable PM (CPM) Measurement; 3.2.6 CPM Issues; 3.2.7 Summary of CTM 39; 3.2.8 Summary of CTM 40; 3.2.9 Endnotes; 3.2.10 References; 4 EMISSION CONTROL METHODS; 4.1 FABRIC FILTER/BAGHOUSES; 4.1.1 Fabric Filters-Introduction and Theory.
4.1.1.1 Particle Collection and Penetration Mechanisms4.1.1.2 Pressure Drop; 4.1.1.3 Experimental Measurements of K(2)-Specific Cake Coefficient; 4.1.1.4 Pressure Drop in Multicompartment Baghouses; 4.1.1.5 Gas-to-Cloth (G/C) Ratio; 4.1.2 Types of Fabric Filters; 4.1.2.1 Cleaning Techniques; 4.1.2.2 Filtration Fabrics and Fiber Types; 4.1.2.2.1 Filtration Fabrics; 4.1.2.2.2 Important Fiber Characteristics; 4.1.2.2.3 Fabric Types; 4.1.2.2.3.1 Woven Fabric; 4.1.2.2.3.2 Nonwoven Fabrics; 4.1.2.3 Shaker-Cleaned Fabric Filters; 4.1.2.4 Reverse-Air Cleaned Fabric Filter; 4.1.2.4.1 Reverse Air.
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Research has shown that inhaling fine particles is a greater health risk than breathing larger particles. Title is ""very timely ... needed NOW, "" according to one reviewerCovers a ""controversial"" but important topic, for which there is a lack of literature and hence guidance for those professionals affected by itCovers legislative background and gives insight into regulatory and technical matters such as measurement and control of fine particle emissionsCombines the practical, theoretical, and regulatory areas of fine particulate monitoring, with ""reference to the regulat.