1 On a general principle useful in explaining the laws of nature through a consideration of the divine wisdom 131 2 Letter to Pierre Bayle 134 3 Letter to Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle 136 C Biology 138 1 On the origin of fossils 138 2 Protogaea (selections) 140 3 Letter from G.W. Leibniz 142 V Law and ethics A Law 149 1 Preface to the Diplomatic Code of People's Rights 149 2 On the death penalty 152 3 Expiation 154 B Virtue 157 1 On generosity 157 2 Letter to Electress Sophie 160 3 Definitions 164 4 The true piety 164 C Pleasure and happiness 166 1 On the happy life 166 2 Happiness 167 3 A dialogue 170 VI Theology A The existence of God 181 1 On the reality of truth 181 2 On necessary or eternal truths 182 3 A proof of the existence of God from his essence 183 4 Letter to the editor of the Journal de Trevoux 187 B Optimism and meliorism 189 1 The elements of true piety 189 2 On the continuous increase in the perfection of the world 195 3 Whether the world increases in perfection 196 4 Letter to Andre Morell 197 5 Letter to Louis Bourguet 198 6 Letter to Louis Bourguet 198 7 Letter to Louis Bourguet 199 8 Letter to Louis Bourguet 200 C Sin and evil 201 1 On sin and original sin 201 2 Can the bad outcomes of wicked actions be ascribed to wickedness? 204 3 Letter to Isaac Jacquelot 207 4 Letter to Louis Bourguet.
I Metaphysics A Creation 29 1 On first truths 29 2 On the reason why these things exist rather than other things 30 3 On the ultimate origination of things 31 4 Letter to Johann Christian Schulenburg 38 5 Letter to Andre Morell 39 B Truth and substance 40 1 On the perfect concept of substances 40 2 The principle of human knowledge 41 3 Remarks on Mr. Arnauld's letter concerning my proposition : that the individual concept of each person contains once and for all everything that will ever happen to him 43 4 Letter to Antoine Arnauld 47 5 Logical-metaphysical principles 48 6 On body and substance truly one 52 7 Letter to Pierre Dangicourt 54 II Mind, body and soul A Souls and their nature 61 1 Difficulties concerning the nature and origin of souls 61 2 Souls are either created every day or are coeval with the world 62 3 On the creation of souls and the origin of minds 62 4 On the souls of men and beasts 63 B The relationship between soul and body 68 1 On the system of occasional causes 68 2 New system of the nature of the communication of substances, as well as the union that exists between the soul and the body 68 3 Clarification of the 'new system of the communication of substances' 77 C The fate of souls 79 1 Letter to Electress Sophie 79 2 Letter to Electress Sophie 81 III Free will and necessity A The nature of free will 91 1 On free will 91 2 On freedom and spontaneity 94 3 Conversation about freedom and fate 95 B Contingency and necessity 104 1 Middle knowledge 104 2 On freedom from necessity in choosing 105 3 A note on freedom and necessity 110 4 On contingency 110 5 Notes on Pierre Bayle's Reply to the Questions from a Provincial 113 IV Science A Matter and body 119 1 A demonstration against atoms taken from the contact of atoms 119 2 Whether the essence of body consists in extension 123 3 Letter to Johann Bernoulli 126 4 Letter to Burcher de Volder 126 5 Letter to Thomas Burnett 128 6 Letter to Burcher de Volder 129 B The laws of nature 131.
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Containing more than 60 original translations of papers written by the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, this text focuses on Leibniz's shorter philosophical writings, providing an introduction for students approaching Leibniz for the first time.
Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
codeMantra
9781441199942
Shorter Leibniz texts.
9780826489500
Works.
2006
Selections.
English.
Leibniz
Philosophy.
PHILOSOPHY-- History & Surveys-- Modern.
Philosophy.
PHI-- 016000
193
22
B2558
.
S77
2006eb
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm,Freiherr von,1646-1716.