Includes bibliographical references (pages 189-202) and index.
1. A history of personification theory -- 2. Towards a taxonomy of tropes -- 3. Narrative level, personification, and character ontology in Prudentius' Psychomachia -- 4. A phenomenology of personification -- 5. Personification, dreams, and narrative structures in Piers Plowman B -- 6. Narrating the personification of personification in The Faerie Queene -- Conclusion: Taxonomy II and future directions in personification theory.