Introduction: ethnicity in Southern African history -- The beginning of Afrikaner ethnic consciousness, 1850-1915 -- Afrikaner women and the creation of ethnicity in a small South African town, 1902-1950 -- Exclusion, classification, and internal colonialism: the emergence of ethnicity among the Tsonga-speakers of South Africa -- Missionaries, migrants, and the Manyika: the invention of ethnicity in Zimbabwe -- Tribalism in the political history of Malawi -- History, ethnicity, and change in the "Christian kingdom" of southeastern Zaire -- Patriotism, patriarchy, and purity: Natal and the politics of Zulu ethnic consciousness -- Coloured identity and coloured politics in the western Cape region of South Africa -- "We are all Portuguese!" Challenging the political economy of assimilation: Lourenco Marques, 1870-1933 -- A nation divided? The Swazil in Swaziland and the Transvaal, 1865-1986 -- The formation of the political culture of ethnicity in the Belgian Congo, 1920-1959 -- The "wild" and "lazy" Lamba: ethnic stereotypes on the Central African copperbelt -- From ethnic identity to tribalism: the Upper Zambezi region of Zambia, 1830-1981 -- Ethnicity and pseudo-ethnicity in the Ciskei.