Intro; Contents; About the editor; Preface; List of acronyms; 1. Dissolved gas analysis, measurements and interpretations -- Carlos Gamez; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Insulating liquids; 1.2.1 Mineral oil; 1.3 The transformer as a chemical reactor; 1.3.1 Gas production mechanisms; 1.4 Oil analysis; 1.4.1 Gas chromatography; 1.5 Oil sampling; 1.5.1 Bottle sampling; 1.5.2 Syringe sampling; 1.6 Interpretation techniques; 1.6.1 Fault types; 1.6.2 Techniques that rely on the gas profile; 1.6.3 Techniques that rely on ratios; 1.6.4 Techniques that rely on rates of change; 1.6.5 Putting it all together
1.7 Future of oil analysis1.7.1 Online monitors; 1.7.2 Larger datasets; 1.7.3 Analysis automation; References; 2. Partial discharges: keys for condition monitoring and diagnosis of power transformers -- Ricardo Albarracıń, Guillermo Robles, Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey, Andrea Cavallini and Renzo Passaglia; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Dielectric materials used in power transformers; 2.3 Effects of ageing in insulation systems of power transformers; 2.3.1 Thermal stress; 2.3.2 Mechanical stress; 2.3.3 Electrical stress; 2.3.4 Ambient stress
2.4 Condition monitoring techniques in power transformers2.4.1 Electrical measurements; 2.4.2 Apparent charge estimation: quasi-integration and calibration; 2.4.3 PD detection in transformers; 2.4.4 Unconventional methods of partial discharge measurements in power transformers; 2.4.5 Methods of partial discharge analysis; 2.5 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 3. Moisture analysis for power transformers -- Beleń Garcıá, Alexander Ceśpedes and Diego Garcıá; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Moisture in transformer insulation
3.2.1 Risks associated to the presence of high levels of moisture in transformers3.2.2 Sources of moisture contamination in transformers; 3.3 Moisture dynamics in transformers; 3.3.1 Adsorption and desorption of moisture in cellulosic insulation; 3.3.2 Moisture distribution within transformer solid insulation; 3.3.3 Solubility of water in oil; 3.3.4 Moisture equilibrium between paper and oil; 3.3.5 Moisture equilibrium in alternative fluids; 3.3.6 Moisture dynamics in a transformer under operation; 3.4 Monitoring of moisture content in oil; 3.4.1 Periodical sampling of oil
3.4.2 On-line measure of oil moisture with capacitive sensors3.4.3 Interpretation of the moisture content of oil; 3.5 Estimation of the moisture content of solid insulation from moisture in oil measures; 3.5.1 Determination of moisture content of paper using the equilibrium charts; 3.5.2 Improved methodologies to estimate the moisture content of paper from the measures of moisture content of oil; 3.6 Dielectric response methods for the estimation of moisture in solid insulation; 3.6.1 Theoretical principles; 3.6.2 Frequency dielectric spectroscopy; 3.6.3 Recovery voltage method
0
8
8
8
8
The following topics are dealt with: power transformer; condition monitoring; dissolved gas analysis; partial discharges; moisture analysis; paper; thermal ageing and mechanical oscillations.
Power transformer condition monitoring and diagnosis.