Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Preface; Table of Contents; CHAPTER ONE: Review of Solubility and pH Calculations; Converting Chemical Models to Mathematical Problems; Logarithmic and Exponential Functions; A Note on Calculators; Strong Acids and Bases; Weak Acids; Titration with Strong Base; Weak bases; Polyprotic Acids; Buffers; Solubility Product; Problems; CHAPTER TWO: The Basic Equations; Henry's Law; Hydration; Ionization; pH Dependence, Constant Partial Pressure; The Charge Balance in the Presence of Base; Alkalinity; Acidity; Solution without Gas Phase
Charge Balance and Proton ConditionRelation between Alkalinity, pH, and CT; Acidity with Constant CT; A Note on Concentration Units; Ionic-Strength Effects; The Davies Equation; Effect of Ionic Strength on KH; Effect on Ionic Strength on First Acidity Constant Ka1; Effect of Ionic Strength on Second Acidity Constant Ka2; Effect of Ionic Strength on Ion Product of Water; Effect of Ionic Strength on Solubility Product of CaCO3; Problems; CHAPTER THREE: The Alkalinity Titration Curve; The Titration Curve Equation; Titration Error; Effect of Ionic Strength
Ion Pairing in SeawaterTotal Alkalinity and Carbonate Alkalinity in Seawater; Field Observations of Seawater; The Lysocline; Effect of Increased Atmospheric CO2 on the Oceans; Fresh Waters and Estuarine Waters; Brines; Hydrothermal Solutions; Problems; CHAPTER SIX: Engineering Applications: Water Conditioning; Estimation of Ionic Strength; pH Adjustment by Addition of Acid or Base; Addition or Removal of CO2; Addition of Lime; Addition of Limestone; The Langelier Index of CaCO3 Saturation; Corrosion Inhibition; The Lime-Soda Water Softening Process; Stoichiometric Calculations
Solution without Gas PhaseAddition of Strong Acid or Base in the Presence of CaCO3 without Gas Phase; Limited Amount of CaCO3 at Constant Cr; Buffer Index at Constant P with CaCO3 Present; Buffer Index at Constant CT with CaCO3 Present; Buffer Index with Constant D; Problems; CHAPTER FIVE: Applications to Geochemistry and Oceanography; Rainwater; Acid Rain; River Water; Unsaturated CaCO3 as a Model for River and Groundwater; Saturated CO2, CaCO3, and H2O as a Model for River and Groundwater; Other Components of River Water; Seawater; Seawater as a Constant Ionic Strength Medium
Total Alkalinity and Carbonate AlkalinityLinearized (Gran) Titration Curves; Linearizing the Acid Portion of the Alkalinity Titration; Linearizing the HCO3̄ Region; Other Linearized Portions of the Alkalinity Titration Curve; The CO3̄ Equivalence Point; Alkalinity Titration in Seawater; The Buffer Index; Buffer Index at Constant CT; Buffer Index at Constant P; Problems; CHAPTER FOUR: Solubility Equilibria: Calcium Carbonate; Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Dioxide, and Water; Dolomite; Addition of Strong Base or Strong Acid at Constant P; Limited Amount of CaCO3 in the Presence of Strong Acid