The development of Lockean moral philosophy -- Abraham Tucker and the call for "moral policy" -- William Paley's moral thought -- "Taking the pruning knife to the branch": expediency in action -- Natural theology as an aid to virtue -- Utility and the science of politics -- Utility and the constitution -- Paley on crimes and punishments -- Utility and toleration -- The problem of poverty -- From Paley to Malthus: utility and society after 1785.