I / Introduction.- Building up economies in underdeveloped countries.- No international cooperation in the field.- Different stages of development achieved in national sciences.- II / The Need for a Standard Terminology.- A Mixed-up Situation.- No understanding between national sciences.- III / Principles of Business Conduct.- The U.S. Chamber of Commerce.- Principles listed.- Comment.- IV / The Lack of International Management and its effects on the Western World.- Statements of the Anglo-American Council on Productivity.- Analysis.- British Approach.- France, Italy and Germany.- V / Management: Art or Science.- A French Comment.- The British Point of View.- The American Approach.- A German Opinion.- Management - A Science.- The Methods of Management.- The Advantages and Drawbacks of scientific Management.- VI / Management: A Public Service.- Profit the First Objective of Business?.- Public Service and Profit.- A British Approach.- A German Opinion.- France and Italy.- The United States.- VII / Management: A Dynamic Science.- Statics and Dynamics.- The Theory of the Environments.- Social.- Political.- Ethical.- Psychological.- Economic.- Physical.- VIII / Basic Functions of Management.- An Appraisal.- Great Britain.- France.- Germany.- Italy.- The Five Functions Explained.- IX / Conclusions.- X / Automation and the Functions of Management.- Definition of Automation.- Effects on Planning, Organizing and Controlling.- A Word of Caution.- Survey of the Bureau of National Affairs.- Centralization and Decentralization.- Stromberg Carlson Reports.- Cincinnati Milling Co. Reports.- Scientific Management in the Electronic Age.- XI / Management and the European Economic Community.- The Treaty of Rome and its Overall Objectives.- Organs of the European Economic Community.- Common Tariff.- Transitional Period.- Effects on American and British Business.- Management Problems.- Exporters Change their Business Structure: G.E..- Manufacturers' Approach: Merck and Ford.- Only 10,000 Firms interested.- New Common Markets: Latin America.
This study is written first of all for the European manager who needs more information on the subject than ever before. The American science of management as a whole is scarcely known in Western Europe although many details have been learned and put to use. A general approach, however, is needed. I have tried therefore to develop the main aspects in this field seen against the background of the national sciences and its characteristics. Thus the scientist will find an approach which as yet has never been offered before and he will be faced with a challenge to help setting up a science of management on a universal scale. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to express his appreciation to his colleagues, associates and staff for their contributions of time and effort. To some extent acknowledgment is made in the footnotes and in the bibliography. Particular mention must be made for the generous offering of time and effort expended by Mr. Louis Erbs, M.S. in c., and Mr. Philip Degnan, Jr., B.S. THE AUTHOR CONTENTS Preface. ... v PART I / Introduction Building up economies in underdeveloped co- tries.