عنوان

Truthlikeness

9400937393

9789400937390

b559555

Truthlikeness

[Book]

by Ilkka Niiniluoto.

Dordrecht

Springer Netherlands

1987

(548 pages)

Synthese library, 185.

1. Distance and Similarity --;1.1. Metric Spaces and Distances --;1.2. Topological Spaces and Uniformities --;1.3. Degrees of Similarity --;1.4. The Pragmatic Relativity of Similarity Relations --;2. Logical Tools --;2.1. Monadic Languages NL --;2.2. Q-Predicates --;2.3. State Descriptions --;2.4. Structure Descriptions --;2.5. Monadic Constituents --;2.6. Monadic Languages with Identity --;2.7. Polyadic Constituents --;2.8. Distributive Normal Forms --;2.9. First-Order Theories --;2.10. Inductive Logic --;2.11. Nomic Constituents --;3. Quantities, State Spaces, and Laws --;3.1. Quantities and Metrization --;3.2. From Conceptual Systems to State Spaces --;3.3. Laws of Coexistence --;3.4. Laws of Succession --;3.5. Probabilistic Laws --;4. Cognitive Problems, Truth, and Information --;4.1. Open and Closed Questions --;4.2. Cognitive Problems --;4.3. Truth --;4.4. Vagueness --;4.5. Semantic Information --;5. The Concept of Truthlikeness --;5.1. Truth, Error, and Fallibilism --;5.2. Probability and Verisimilitude --;5.3. Approach to the Truth --;5.4. Truth: Parts and Degrees --;5.5. Degrees of Truth: Attempted Definitions --;5.6. Popper's Qualitative Theory of Truth-likeness --;5.7. Quantitative Measures of Verisimilitude --;6. The Similarity Approach to TruthLikeness --;6.1. Spheres of Similarity --;6.2. Targets --;6.3. Distance on Cognitive Problems --;6.4. Closeness to the Truth --;6.5. Degrees of Truthlikeness --;6.6. Comparison with the Tichý --;Oddie Approach --;6.7. Distance between Statements --;6.8. Distance from Indefinite Truth --;6.9. Cognitive Problems with False Presuppositions --;7. Estimation of Truthlikeness --;7.1. The Epistemic Problem of Truthlikeness --;7.2. Estimated Degrees of Truthlikeness --;7.3. Probable Verisimilitude --;7.4. Errors of Observation --;7.5. Counterfactual Presuppositions and Approximate Validity --;8. Singular Statements --;8.1. Simple Qualitative Singular Statements --;8.2. Distance between State Descriptions --;8.3. Distance between Structure Descriptions --;8.4. Quantitative Singular Statements --;9. Monadic Generalizations --;9.1. Distance between Monadic Constituents --;9.2. Monadic Constituents with Identity --;9.3. Tichý --;Oddie Distances --;9.4. Existential and Universal Generalizations --;9.5. Estimation Problem for Generalizations --;10. Polyadic Theories --;10.1. Distance between Polyadic Constituents --;10.2. Complete Theories --;10.3. Distance between Possible Worlds --;10.4. First-Order Theories --;11. Legisimilitude --;11.1. Verisimilitude vs Legisimilitude --;11.2. Distance between Nomic Constituents --;11.3. Distance between Quantitative Laws --;11.4. Approximation and Idealization --;11.5. Probabilistic Laws --;12. Verisimilitude as an Epistemic Utility --;12.1. Cognitive Decision Theory --;12.2. Epistemic Utilities: Truth, Information, and Truthlikeness --;12.3. Comparison with Levi's Theory --;12.4. Theoretical and Pragmatic Preference --;12.5. Bayesian Estimation --;13. Objections Answered --;13.1. Verisimilitude as a Programme --;13.2. The Problem of Linguistic Variance --;13.3. Progress and Incommensurability --;13.4. Truthlikeness and Logical Pragmatics --;Notes --;Index of Names --;Index of Subjects.

The idea of truthlikeness fell in disrepute also as a result of the careless, often confused and metaphysically loaded way in which many philosophers used - and still use - such concepts as 'degree of truth', 'approximate truth', 'partial truth', and 'approach to the truth'.

Logic, Symbolic and mathematical.

Logic.

Philosophy (General)

by Ilkka Niiniluoto.

Ilkka Niiniluoto

[Book]

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