Epidemiology, classification, and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus -- Clinical presentation of diabetes mellitus -- Type 1 diabetes mellitus -- Type 2 diabetes mellitus -- Acute and chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and living with the disease -- Pathophysiology of retinopathy -- Clinical features of diabetic retinopathy -- Management of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic maculopathy: laser, surgical and medical approaches -- Co-existing eye disease with diabetic retinopathy -- Preventing diabetic retinopathy through control of systemic factors.