Old age as a stage of life: common terms related to aging and methods used to study aging -- Human longevity in historical perspective -- Comparative aging, geriatric functional assessment, aging and disease -- Cellular senescence, cell death, and transgenic mouse models of aging -- Theories of life span and aging -- The nervous system: structural, biochemical, metabolic, and circulatory changes -- The nervous system: functional changes with aging -- Sensory systems: normal aging, disorders, and treatments of vision and hearing in humans -- The adrenals and pituitary-stress, adaptation, and longevity -- Female reproductive aging and menopause -- The ensemble male hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis -- The thyroid, parathyroid, and pineal glands -- The endocrine pancreas, obesity, and diffuse endocrine and chemical mediators -- The immune system -- Cardiovascular alternations with aging: atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease -- Lipids, lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis -- The pulmonary respiration, hematopoiesis, and erythrocytes -- The kidney, lower urinary tract, body fluids, and the prostate -- The gastrointestinal tract and the liver -- The skeleton, joints, and sketetal and cardiac muscles -- The skin -- Pharmacology and drug management in the elderly -- Healthful aging: nutrition and experimental strategies in dietary restriction -- Benefits of physical exercise -- Regenerative perspectives and assistive technologies
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Extensively revised and updated to reflect the current state of knowledge in the study of aging, this Fourth Edition offers a complete profile of the aging of individuals and populations. It includes aspects of demographic, comparative, and differential aging together with a discussion of the several theories of aging. This reference illustrates how body functions changes age, describes how genetic and environmental factors influence age-related changes, and addresses some of the clinical consequences of these changes for health and longevity. Well illustrated, with numerous tables and graphs, this book presents up-to-date information from internationally renowned experts in various biologic fields