Machine generated contents note: 1 The Nature of Heat and the Management of Its -- Temperature 9 -- z How Furnaces Work 13 -- 3 The Properties and Combustion of Biomass z5 -- 4 Furnace Configurations for Biomass Fuel 38 -- 5 Products Made in Antiquity in Biomass Fuelled Furnaces 46 -- 6 The Manufacture and Properties of Charcoal 55 -- 7 Combustion in Beds of Lump Charcoal 63 -- 8 Combustion Air Supply for Charcoal 74 -- 9 Furnace Configurations for Charcoal Fuel 84 -- 10 The Reduction of Metals and the Functions of Slags IOI -- 11 The Smelting of Copper 113 -- 12. The Smelting, Forging, and Properties of Iron z22 -- 13 Fuel Consumption byPyrotechnology in Antiquity 145 -- 14 Fuel Supply andDeforestation i -- 15 Artifacts from te Operation of Furnacs -- Appendices -- 16 Combustion in Fuel Beds of Charcoal '67 -- 17 Pressure Drop in Tuyeres and Fuel Beds and Power -- Required '75 -- 18 Natural Draft in Fuel Beds x8o -- 19 A Furnace to Reliably Make a Bloom of Iron 189.