The origins of futuwwat: muruwwat and the ethics of the 'Ayyaran -- 2. Futuwwat and early Persian Sufis -- 3. Institutionalisation within the Sufi futuwwat associations during the 12th-14th centuries -- 4. Timurid futuwwat: the case of Husayn Wa'iz Kashifi -- 5. Futuwwat from the Safavids to the early modern era: Qalandar and Khaksar Jawanmardi -- 6. Futuwwat in the modern era: the Zurkhana between tradition and change.