عنوان

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF COPPER AND IRON PRODUCTION AT MAROTHODI, AN EARLY 19TH CENTURY TSWANA TOWN, RUSTENBURG DISTRICT, SOUTH AFRICA

شماره

LA113657

زبان متن نوشتاري يا گفتاري و مانند آن

انگلیسی

عنوان اصلي

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF COPPER AND IRON PRODUCTION AT MAROTHODI, AN EARLY 19TH CENTURY TSWANA TOWN, RUSTENBURG DISTRICT, SOUTH AFRICA

نام عام مواد

[Article]

نام نخستين پديدآور

Simon Hall, Duncan Miller, Mark Anderson, et al.

محل نشرو پخش و غیره

Leiden

نام ناشر، پخش کننده و غيره

Brill

متن يادداشت

The archaeological evidence for iron and especially copper production at Marothodi indicates that output far exceeded local requirements. Preliminary analyses of slag and metal provide insight into the technical processes of this production, while well-resolved spatial data comment upon the social and cultural organization of production. In this paper we attempt to integrate both technical and social aspects of production into the regional historic context with a view to developing ideas about the contextual specificity of surplus metal production from Marothodi early in the 19th century. Generally, Marothodi was occupied in a period of increasingly competitive economic and political relationships between lineages. The evidence from Marothodi indicates that although copper ore quality was poor, and had been largely mined out by previous producers, it was clearly worthwhile to produce a surplus because of regional demands. Importantly, the Tlokwa elites at Marothodi had the regional power to do so. Furthermore, although the location of Marothodi was a compromise between several factors, we suggest that proximity to the copper ore sources was important. Spatial data suggest that political authority did not physically centralize copper production, and that most home-steads were independent producers. The archaeological evidence for iron and especially copper production at Marothodi indicates that output far exceeded local requirements. Preliminary analyses of slag and metal provide insight into the technical processes of this production, while well-resolved spatial data comment upon the social and cultural organization of production. In this paper we attempt to integrate both technical and social aspects of production into the regional historic context with a view to developing ideas about the contextual specificity of surplus metal production from Marothodi early in the 19th century. Generally, Marothodi was occupied in a period of increasingly competitive economic and political relationships between lineages. The evidence from Marothodi indicates that although copper ore quality was poor, and had been largely mined out by previous producers, it was clearly worthwhile to produce a surplus because of regional demands. Importantly, the Tlokwa elites at Marothodi had the regional power to do so. Furthermore, although the location of Marothodi was a compromise between several factors, we suggest that proximity to the copper ore sources was important. Spatial data suggest that political authority did not physically centralize copper production, and that most home-steads were independent producers.

تاريخ نشر

2006

توصيف ظاهري

3-35

عنوان

Journal of African Archaeology

شماره جلد

4/1

شماره استاندارد بين المللي پياييندها

2191-5784

اصطلاح موضوعی

copper

اصطلاح موضوعی

furnace

اصطلاح موضوعی

iron

اصطلاح موضوعی

mining

اصطلاح موضوعی

nickel

اصطلاح موضوعی

ore

اصطلاح موضوعی

refining

اصطلاح موضوعی

slag

اصطلاح موضوعی

smelting

اصطلاح موضوعی

tin

اصطلاح موضوعی

Tswana

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Duncan Miller

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Jan Boeyens

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Mark Anderson

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Simon Hall

شماره بازیابی

10.1163/10.3213/1612-1651-10061

نام الکترونيکي

فرمت انتشار

p

نوع ماده

[Article]

کد کاربرگه

275578

سطح دسترسي

a

تكميل شده

Y