Intro; Contents; Introduction; Cities and Nature in History; 1 Understanding Landscape: Cultural Perceptions of Environment in the UK and China; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 People, Perceptions and Place: Interactions with Nature in Cities; 1.3 The Role of Ecology in Urban Planning; 1.4 Current Practice of Landscape Investment in Urban Development Practice; 1.5 Conclusions; References; 2 Green Wedges: The Resilience of a Planning Idea; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Green Wedge Idea; 2.2.1 The Belt-Wedge Model; 2.2.2 The Polycentric City; 2.2.3 The Corridor-Wedge; 2.3 Conclusions; References
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3 Demystified Territories: City Versus Countryside in Andrea Branzi's Urban Models3.1 A Marxist Critique of the Bourgeois Metropolis: The No-Stop City (1969-71); 3.2 A New Urban "Condition"; 3.3 Integration or Ignorance?; 3.4 The Ecological Shift; 3.5 Symbiotic Metropolis Agronica (1995); 3.6 From Autonomy to Hybridization; 3.7 From a Concave to a Convex City; 3.8 Conclusions; References; 4 The Introduction of Nature in the Austrian Radicals Practice; 4.1 The Radical Positions; 4.2 The Introduction of Natural Landscape in the Radical Thinking as an Opposition to Modernism
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4.3 Raimund Abraham and his Search for the Proto-landscape4.4 Haus Rucker Co: Proto-environmental Design for Radical Scenarios; 4.5 The Italian Natural Landscape: An Austrian Legacy; 4.6 Conclusions; References; 5 University Campuses: Experimentations on the Relations Between City and Nature in Brazil; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The 1930s-The First Campuses in Brazil; 5.3 1960s-Campuses as Parks; 5.4 After the Year 2000-A Redefinition of the Concept; 5.5 Conclusions; References; Planning Models, Theories and Methods for Re-naturing Cities
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6 Towards a Spatial Planning Framework for the Re-naturing of Cities6.1 Introduction; 6.2 A Framework for Re-naturing Cities; 6.2.1 The Spatial Planning of Re-naturing; 6.3 Planning Models; 6.4 Planning for Hybridism; 6.5 Conclusions; References; 7 Green Networks as a Key of Urban Planning with Thermal Comfort and Well-being; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Impact of Urban Vegetation on the City Climate; 7.3 Green Walls and Roofs for the Mitigation of UHI; 7.4 Impacts of Trees in Urban Street Canyons and Parks; 7.4.1 Brazilian Case Studies; 7.4.2 Leeds Case Study; 7.5 Conclusions; References
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8 Relationships Between Urban Green Areas and Health in China, Brazil and the UK8.1 Introduction; 8.2 China; 8.3 Brazil; 8.4 United Kingdom; 8.5 Conclusions; References; 9 Planning a Green City: The Case of Helsinki, 2002-2018; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Planning a Green City; 9.3 Preserving Green Space in a City; 9.4 Conceptual Changes of Green Space; 9.5 Conclusions; References; The Right to Green: Multiple Perspectives; 10 The Democracy of Green Infrastructure: Some Examples from Brazil and Europe; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Brazil: Approaches to Green Infrastructure
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This book explores novel theories, strategies and methods for re-naturing cities. It enables readers to learn from best practice and advances the current theoretical and empirical understanding in the field. The book also offers valuable insights into how planners and policymakers can apply this knowledge to their own cities and regions, exploring top-down, bottom-up and mixed mechanisms for the systemic re-naturing of planned and existing cities. There is considerable interest in 'naturalising' cities, since it can help address multiple global societal challenges and generate various benefits, such as the enhancement of health and well-being, sustainable urbanisation, ecosystems and their services, and resilience to climate change. This can also translate into tangible economic benefits in terms of preventing health hazards, positively affecting health-related expenditure, new job opportunities (i.e. urban farming) and the regeneration of urban areas. There is, thus, a compelling case to investigate integrative approaches to urban and natural systems that can help cities address the social, economic and environmental needs of a growing population. How can we plan with nature? What are the models and approaches that can be used to develop more sustainable cities that provide high-quality urban green spaces?