Intro; Preface; Contents; Molecular and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Drug Resistance:An Evolving Paradigm; 1 Introduction; 2 Cellular Mechanism of Multidrug Resistance; 2.1 Drug Activation and Inactivation; 2.2 Expression of Drug Efflux Pumps; 2.3 DNA Damage Repair; 2.4 Deregulation of Apoptosis; 2.5 Alteration of Drug Target; 3 Conclusion; References; Major Physiological Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Survival; 1 Introduction; 2 Signaling Pathways Involved in the Regulation of Cell Proliferation
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2 Resistance Mechanisms to EGFR-Driven NSCLC2.1 Resistance to First- and Second-Generation EGFR-TKIs; 2.1.1 Preclinical Evidence and Clinical Relevance of Resistance Mechanisms; 2.1.2 Detection of T790M Mutation; 2.1.3 Potential Strategies to Overcome Resistance; 2.2 Resistance to Third-Generation EGFR-TKIs; 2.2.1 Preclinical Evidence and Clinical Relevance of Resistance Mechanisms; 2.2.2 Potential Strategies to Overcome Resistance; 3 Resistance Mechanisms to ALK- and ROS1-Driven NSCLC; 3.1 Mechanisms of Crizotinib Resistance; 3.1.1 Mechanisms of Crizotinib Resistance Involving ALK and ROS1
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2.1 Biological Regulation of Proliferation by mTOR/PI3K/Akt Signaling2.2 Ras/MAPK Signaling-Regulated Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Survival; 2.3 JAK/STAT Signaling in the Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Survival; 3 Signaling Interaction Network Between PI3K/Akt, Ras/MAPK, and JAK/STAT Axes; 4 Output Signals of Integrated Signaling Pathways; 4.1 Redundant Targeting of Shared Substrates in Cell Growth and Metabolism; 4.2 Differential Phospho-Regulation of Shared Substrates in Cell Proliferation and Survival; 5 Impact of Signaling Interaction Network in Clinical Cancer Therapies
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4 Hypoxia Bridges Immune Tolerance and Angiogenesis in TME5 The Galectin-Glycan Axis: Linking Immunosuppression, Hypoxia, and Resistance to Anti-angiogenic Treatment; 5.1 Galectins as Extracellular Mediators of Angiogenesis; 5.2 Galectins as Mechanisms of Resistance to VEGF Blockade; 5.3 Targeting Gal1-N-Glycan Interactions Limits the Efficacy of Anti-VEGF Treatment; 6 Combinatorial Therapies: Anti-angiogenesis as a Partner of Immunotherapy; 7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives; References; Mechanisms of Resistance to Target Therapies in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; 1 Introduction
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6 Final RemarksReferences; Immune-Mediated and Hypoxia-Regulated Programs: Accomplices in Resistance to Anti-angiogenic Therapies; 1 Introduction; 2 Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti-angiogenic Therapies; 2.1 Expression of Alternative Pro-angiogenic Mediators; 2.2 Adaptation to Hypoxia; 3 Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti-angiogenesis; 3.1 Myeloid Cell-Dependent Resistance to Anti-angiogenic Therapies; 3.1.1 Pericytes; 3.1.2 CD11b+Gr1+ MDSCs; 3.1.3 Macrophages; 3.1.4 Dendritic Cells; 3.1.5 Mast Cells; 3.2 Lymphoid Cell-Dependent Resistance to Anti-angiogenic Therapies
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SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
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A major objective of this book is to reveal unprecedented opportunities to understand and overcome drug resistance through the clinical assessment of rational therapeutic drug combinations and the use of predictive and prognostic biomarkers to enable patient stratification and tailor treatments. It offers to the readers an updated overview on the possible reasons of failure of new and promising therapeutic opportunities.