Family of Origin Relational Factors and Eating Disturbances in Iranian-American Women
[Thesis]
Moheban, Bahar
Liu, Lisa
Alliant International University
2019
215
Psy.D.
Alliant International University
2019
Few studies investigate the prevalence and development of eating disorders (ED) in Iranian and Iranian-American populations, and even fewer cover a broader continuum of eating disturbances (EDIS) - food- or weight-related behaviors that may not warrant a diagnosis, but may still cause the individual distress and functional impairment (Garousi & Nejad, 2014; Garrusi, Garousi, & Baneshi, 2013). This study investigates the role of family relational factors (enmeshment, maternal and paternal overprotectiveness, rigidity, and lack of conflict resolution) in Iranian-American families and whether they predict the development of EDIS in Iranian-American women. The prevalence of EDIS and treatment-seeking behaviors and associated stigma were also investigated in this population. Iranian-American women (N = 200) who met the study's eligibility requirements completed a survey with items including demographics, family of origin dynamics, and EDIS. The family factor items were adapted from the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, the Measure of Parenting Styles, and the Family Conflict Resolution Scale. EDIS was measured through the Eating Attitudes Test (40-item), Eating Attitudes Test, Behavioral Items, and the Body Uneasiness Test. Treatment-seeking behaviors and motivation were assessed by two items designed for this study. The prevalence of EDIS in this population was 16.8%; of those with EDIS, 42.3% sought treatment for their symptoms and of those who did not, 13.3% reported that they chose not to because of fear of stigmatization by others. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that while all of the family factors correlated with the three EDIS measures, only maternal overprotection and paternal overprotection emerged as unique predictors of different EDIS. The results of this study implicate that certain aspects of family dysfunction can have long-term effects on Iranian-American women's relationship with food and body image. Addressing such disturbances in a treatment setting requires clinicians to delve into the client's family system, particularly their experience with maternal or paternal overprotection. Moreover, acknowledging the role of family in EDIS development may motivate Iranian-Americans, who emphasize the harmony of family, to engage in psychotherapy to support their family members struggling with such symptoms.