عنوان

Woody plants in agro-ecosystems of semi-arid regions :

3642792073

9783642792076

b573925

Woody plants in agro-ecosystems of semi-arid regions :

[Book]

with an emphasis on the sahelian ...

Henk Breman

[Place of publication not identified]

Springer

2012

1 Introduction.- 2 The Distribution and Canopy Cover of Woody Species.- 2.1 Introduction and Methodology.- 2.1.1 Introduction.- 2.1.2 Climatic Zones.- 2.1.3 Landscapes, Geomorphological Units and Groundwater.- 2.1.4 Land-Use Types.- 2.1.5 Canopy Cover.- 2.2 Distribution and Canopy Cover Data.- 2.2.1 1975-1982.- 2.2.2 Climatic Influences.- 2.3 An Ecological Interpretation of Woody Vegetation in the SSWA.- 2.3.1 Introduction: Water Availability and Soil Texture.- 2.3.2 African Savannas.- 2.3.3 The Sahel Zones.- 2.3.4 The Sudan Zones.- 2.3.5 Conclusions.- 2.4 Human Influences on Woody Plants.- 2.4.1 Introduction.- 2.4.2 Fire.- 2.4.3 Livestock Grazing and Browsing.- 2.4.4 Agriculture.- 2.4.5 Wood Exploitation.- 2.5 Conclusions.- 3 Production of Woody Plants.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Productivity and Biomass of Woody Plant Communities.- 3.2.1 Gross and Net Productivity.- 3.2.2 Biomass and Net Productivity.- 3.2.3 Conclusions.- 3.3 Production of Woody Plant Components.- 3.3.1 Wood Production.- 3.3.2 Foliage Production.- 3.3.3 Flower and Fruit Production.- 3.3.4 Conclusions.- 3.4 Estimating Woody Plant Production.- 3.4.1 Introduction.- 3.4.2 Foliage Production and Canopy Cover.- 3.4.3 Methods to Estimate Woody Plant Productivity.- 3.4.4 Conclusions.- 3.5 Phenology.- 3.5.1 Introduction.- 3.5.2 Phenological Data from the SSWA.- 3.5.3 Conclusions.- 3.6 Nutrient Concentrations, Digestibility and Palatability.- 3.6.1 Introduction.- 3.6.2 Nutrient Concentrations of Woody Plant Components.- 3.6.3 Digestibility of Forage from Woody Plants.- 3.6.4 A Comparison with Herbaceous Foliage.- 3.6.5 Palatability of Forage from Woody Plants.- 3.6.6 Conclusions.- 4 The Influence of Woody Plants on Plant Production Factors.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Interactions Between the Woody and Herbaceous Layer.- 4.2.1 Introduction.- 4.2.2 Relationships Between the Woody and Herbage Layer.- 4.2.3 Effects on Herbage Production by Bush Clearing or Tree Felling.- 4.2.4 Herbage Species Composition in Relation to Canopy Cover.- 4.2.5 Conclusions.- 4.3 Root Systems of Woody Plants.- 4.3.1 Root Systems of Woody Plants in Semi-Arid Regions.- 4.3.2 Root System Dynamics.- 4.3.3 Comparison with Herbaceous Root Systems.- 4.4 Influences of Woody Plants on Water Availability.- 4.4.1 Introduction.- 4.4.2 Processes Influencing Water Availability.- 4.4.3 Water Availability and Water Use.- 4.4.4 Conclusions.- 4.5 Influences of Woody Plants on Nutrient Availability.- 4.5.1 Introduction.- 4.5.2 Patterns of Soil Fertility in Relation to Woody Plants.- 4.5.3 Soil Fertility Changes During Fallowing.- 4.5.4 Woody Plant Processes Influencing Nutrient Availability.- 4.6 Soil Organic Matter and its Functions in Relation to Woody Plants.- 4.6.1 Introduction.- 4.6.2 Effect of SOM on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties.- 4.6.3 Decomposition Processes.- 4.6.4 Mineralisation Processes.- 4.6.5 SOM Contents in Semi-Arid Regions.- 4.6.6 Decomposition of Woody Litter in Semi-Arid Regions.- 4.6.7 A Quantified Example from the SSWA.- 4.6.8 Conclusions.- 4.7 Influences of Woody Plants on Light Availability.- 4.7.1 Introduction.- 4.7.2 Light Intensity and Plant Production.- 4.7.3 Distribution and Quality of Light Under Woody Canopies.- 4.7.4 Light Availability Under a Closed Canopy.- 4.7.5 Light Availability Under Isolated Woody Plants.- 4.7.6 Conclusions.- 4.8 Potential Influences of Woody Plants on Plant Production.- 4.8.1 Introduction.- 4.8.2 Net Production Limited by Light.- 4.8.3 Net Production Limited by Water.- 4.8.4 Actual Net Production, Limited by Water and Nutrients.- 4.8.5 Woody Plants and Plant Production Factors.- 5 Synthesis, Generalisation and Recommendations.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Woody Plants and Plant Production Factors.- 5.3 Productive Benefits by Woody Plants.- 5.3.1 Introduction.- 5.3.2 Woody Plant Characteristics.- 5.3.3 Management of Woody Plants.- 5.3.4 Maximum Productive Benefits by Woody Plants.- 5.3.5 Woody Plants and Spatial Concentration of Resources.- 5.4 The Role of Woody Plants in Land-Use-Systems.- 5.4.1 Introduction.- 5.4.2 Woody Plant Influences on Crops and Pastures.- 5.4.3 Production by Woody Plants.- 5.4.4 Woody Plants and Production Security and Sustainability.- 5.4.5 Sylvopastoralism.- 5.4.6 Agrosylviculture.- 5.4.7 Woody Plants and Socio-Economic Conditions.- 5.4.8 Conclusions and Recommendations.- References.

Henk Breman

Henk Breman

[Book]

Y