Machine generated contents note: PART I: PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTEXT 13 -- 1 Pregnancy Loss and Fecundability in Women 15 -- Darryl J. Holman and James W. Wood -- 2 The Evolutionary and Ecological Context -- of Human Pregnancy 39 -- Ivy L. Pike -- 3 Why Energy Expenditure Causes Reproductive -- Suppression in Women 59 -- An Evolutionary and Bioenergetic Perspective -- Grazyna Jasienska -- 4 Lactation, Energetics, and Postpartum Fecundity 85 -- Claudia R. Valeggia and Peter T. Ellison -- 5 Reproductive Physiology of the Human Male 107 -- An Evolutionary and Life History Perspective -- Richard G. Bribiescas -- PART II: ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT 136 -- 6 Reproductive Filtering and the Social Environment 137 -- Samuel K. Wasser and Ned J. Place -- 7 Reproductive Ecology of Male Immune -- Function and Gonadal Function 159 -- Benjamin C. Campbell, William D. Lukas, -- and Kenneth L. Campbell -- 8 Why Not So Great Is Still Good Enough 179 -- Flexible Responsiveness in Human Reproductive -- Functioning -- Virginia J. Vitzthum -- 9 Fertility Changes with the Prehistoric Transition -- to Agriculture 203 -- Perspectives from Reproductive Ecology and Paleodemography -- Gillian R. Bentley, Richard R. Paine, and -- Jesper L. Boldsen -- PART III: DEVELOPMENTAL CONTEXT 233 -- 10 Metabolism, Maturation, and Ovarian Function 235 -- Susan F. Lipson -- 11 Child Survival and the Modulation 249 -- of Parental Investment -- Physiological and Hormonal Considerations -- Helen Ball and Catherine Panter-Brick -- 12 Aging and Reproductive Senescence 267 -- Lynnette Leidy Sievert -- 13 The Embodied Capital Theory of Human Evolution 293 -- Hillard Kaplan, Kim Hill, A. Magdelena Hurtado, -- and Jane Lancaster -- PART IV: COMPARATIVE CONTEXT 319 -- 14 Strepsirrhine Reproductive Ecology 321 -- Patricia L. Whitten and Diane K. Brockman -- 15 Reproductive Ecology of New World Monkeys 351 -- Karen B. Strier -- 16 Reproductive Ecology of Old World Monkeys 369 -- Fred B. Bercovitch -- 17 The Reproductive Ecology of Male Hominoids 397 -- Martin N. Muller and Richard W. Wrangham -- 18 Female Reproductive Ecology of the Apes 429 -- Implicationsfor Human Evolution -- Cheryl Knott.