عنوان
پدید آورنده
موضوع
رده
کتابخانه
محل استقرار
شماره کتابشناسی ملی
شماره
TLpq304104843
زبان اثر
زبان متن نوشتاري يا گفتاري و مانند آن
انگلیسی
عنوان و نام پديدآور
عنوان اصلي
Assessment of atmospheric lead exposure on children in urban areas, Malaysia
نام عام مواد
[Thesis]
نام نخستين پديدآور
Z. Hashim
نام ساير پديدآوران
K. H. K. Mancy, Gerald J.
وضعیت نشر و پخش و غیره
نام ناشر، پخش کننده و غيره
University of Michigan
تاریخ نشرو بخش و غیره
1994
مشخصات ظاهری
نام خاص و کميت اثر
272
یادداشتهای مربوط به پایان نامه ها
جزئيات پايان نامه و نوع درجه آن
Ph.D.
کسي که مدرک را اعطا کرده
University of Michigan
امتياز متن
1994
یادداشتهای مربوط به خلاصه یا چکیده
متن يادداشت
An exposure assessment of atmospheric lead was made on the children in the urban and suburban areas of K. Lumpur by using the indirect method of assessment. Levels of lead in the ambient air, the indoor air, the housedust lead and the topsoil were determined. Questionnaires were used to obtain the daily activity pattern of the children. Urine lead was measured to determine the relationship with exposure. The main source of atmospheric lead was the combustion of leaded gasoline from automobiles. The mean ambient lead in the urban areas was still below the WHO guidelines of 1.5 mug/m. High lead levels were also found in the dust and soil sampled from the urban areas. There was a statistically significant relationship between the ambient lead and the indoor lead levels in the urban areas. Therefore, outdoor lead particles were transported indoor. The ratio of the indoor to the outdoor lead ranged from 0.3-0.5. The inhalation exposure from indoor air was a dominant route of exposure. The respirable indoor lead was mainly made up of water and dilute acid soluble fractions. The children in both areas were highly exposed to the dilute acid soluble lead fractions from the indoor air. The exposure and uptake through the inhalation were higher than the ingestion route. The inhalation exposure was above the U.S. inhalation baseline of 500 ng/day for 2 year old. The inhalation exposure, total uptake and body burden for lead in the urban children were twice higher than the suburban children. Urine lead levels were significantly related to the lead levels in the air and the inhalation exposure. Total lead uptake and urine lead has no association with the selected social factors except for their house location.
موضوع (اسم عام یاعبارت اسمی عام)
موضوع مستند نشده
Environmental science
موضوع مستند نشده
Health and environmental sciences
موضوع مستند نشده
Toxicology
نام شخص به منزله سر شناسه - (مسئولیت معنوی درجه اول )
مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده
K. H. K. Mancy, Gerald J.
مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده
Z. Hashim
دسترسی و محل الکترونیکی
نام الکترونيکي
مطالعه متن کتاب وضعیت انتشار
فرمت انتشار
p
اطلاعات رکورد کتابشناسی
نوع ماده
[Thesis]
کد کاربرگه
276903
اطلاعات دسترسی رکورد
سطح دسترسي
a
تكميل شده
Y
