عنوان

Antibiotic resistance :

شابک

0131387731

شابک

9780131387737

شماره

b737205

عنوان اصلي

Antibiotic resistance :

نام عام مواد

[Book]

ساير اطلاعات عنواني

understanding and responding to an emerging crisis /

نام نخستين پديدآور

Karl Drlica, David S. Perlin.

محل نشرو پخش و غیره

Upper Saddle River, N.J. :

نام ناشر، پخش کننده و غيره

FT Press,

تاریخ نشرو بخش و غیره

©2011.

نام خاص و کميت اثر

xvi, 271 pages :

ساير جزييات

illustrations ;

ابعاد

26 cm

متن يادداشت

Includes bibliographical references and index.

متن يادداشت

1. Introduction to the resistance problem : MRSA is putting resistance in the news ; Humans live with many pathogens ; Antibiotics block growth and kill pathogens ; Broad-spectrum antibiotics also perturb our microbiomes ; Antibiotic resistance protects pathogens ; Antibiotic resistance is widespread ; Antibiotic resistance is divided into three types ; The development of new antibiotics is slowing ; Vaccines block disease ; Perspective -- 2. Working with pathogens : Pathogens are a diverse group of life forms ; Pathogen numbers are measured by microscopy and by detecting growth ; Molecular probes can be specific and highly sensitive ; Koch's postulates help establish that a pathogen causes disease ; Modern biology has refined Koch's postulates ; Pathogen studies focus on populations ; Perspective -- 3. A survey of antibiotics : Antibiotics are selective poisons ; Antibiotics are found in a variety of ways ; Antibacterial agents usually attack specific targets ; Antibacterial agents may have a generalized effect ; Most antifungal agents attack membranes and cell walls ; Antiprotozoan agents tend to be disease-specific ; Antihelminth agents are used with a variety of worms ; Antiviral agents are often narrow spectrum ; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; Influenza virus ; Herpes virus ; Antibiotic classes evolve ; Antiseptics and disinfectants decontaminate surfaces ; Perspective -- 4. Dosing to cure : Treatment strategies have been determined empirically ; Susceptibility testing guides antibiotic choice ; Testing for viruses bypasses pathogen growth ; PK/PD indices help determine antibiotic dosage ; Young children are not little adults ; Toxic side effects are determined empirically ; Duration of treatment is determined empirically ; Prophylaxis preempts disease ; Management programs control hospital antibiotic policy ; Self-medication is outside the guidelines ; Perspective -- 5. Emergence of resistance : Resistance can emerge in individual patients ; Spontaneous mutations are nucleotide sequence changes ; Emergence of spontaneous resistance often arises stepwise ; Mutant selection window hypothesis describes emergence of spontaneous resistance ; Mutations can be caused (induced) by antibiotic treatment ; Resistance arises from several molecular mechanisms ; Treatment time can contribute to resistance ; Mutator mutations increase mutation frequency ; Phenotypic resistance occurs without mutations ; Resistance may compromise antiseptic and disinfectant use ; Viral resistance can arise readily ; Resistance mutations can affect pathogen fitness ; Unintended damage can arise from treatment ; Perspective -- 6. Movement of resistance genes among pathogens : Horizontal gene transfer involves specific molecular events ; Recombination involves breaking and rejoining the DNA molecules ; Plasmids are molecular parasites ; Some plasmids move by conjugation ; Bacteriophages move bacterial genes by transduction ; Bacterial transformation involves uptake of DNA from the environment ; Transposition moves genes from one DNA to another ; Gene mobilization moves genes from the chromosome to a plasmid ; Integrons gather genes into an expression site ; Genomic islands help create pathogens ; Plasmid enzymes can be inhibited ; Perspective -- 7. Transmission of resistant disease : Spread of pathogens is highly evolved ; Infection control as local crisis management ; Tuberculosis is airborne ; Airborne viruses ; Digestive-tract pathogens ; Direct-contact pathogens ; Arthropod-borne pathogens ; Blood-borne infections ; Multiple-mode transmission ; Perspective -- 8. Surveillance : Surveillance is the first line of defense ; The denominator effect lowers surveillance accuracy ; Surveillance consortia collect and process data ; Molecular methods provide rapid pathogen identification ; Interpretation of surveillance studies ; Surveillance indicates resistance problems with gonorrhea ; Policy changes are occurring in agricultural practice ; Perspective -- 9. Making new antibiotics : New antibiotics are temporary solutions ; Model systems are used to speed drug discovery ; Natural products are a source of antibiotics ; High-throughput screening accelerates antibiotic discovery ; Rational drug design can identify antibiotics ; New antibiotics must have few side effects ; Antibiotic discovery faces a fundamental economic problem ; Perspective -- 10. Restricting antibiotic use and optimizing dosing : Antibiotic conservation: use less often when unnecessary and higher amounts when needed ; Human consumption of antibiotics correlates with resistance ; Limiting human consumption of antibiotics ; Agricultural use contributes to antibiotic consumption ; Antibiotic contamination of the environment is a byproduct of usage ; Clinical resistance and resistant mutants are not the same ; Dosing to eradicate susceptible cells may not halt emergence of resistance ; Keeping concentrations above MPC restricts mutant amplification ; Combining MPC with PK/PD targets ; Combination therapy restricts emergence of resistance ; Consideration of resistance during drug discovery ; Perspective -- 11. Influenza and antibiotic resistance : Seasonal influenza virus is controlled by vaccines ; Antiviral resistance has emerged among seasonal influenza virus ; Pandemic influenza can be a killer ; Avian flu H5N1 is a candidate for deadly pandemic flu ; Antibiotics may play an important role in pandemic influenza ; Antibiotic resistance occurs with avian flu H5N1 ; Bacterial pneumonia may create another resistance problem ; Perspective -- 12. Avoiding resistant pathogens : Consumer perspective differs from that of public health official or manufacturer ; Avoiding airborne infection is difficult ; Precautions can be taken with MRSA ; Sexually transmitted infections require renewed attention ; Arthropod-borne infections are on the move ; Contaminated food is common ; Avoid rounds of treatment interspersed with pathogen outgrowth ; Consume only with sound indications, choose optimal antibiotics ; Perspective -- A course of action : Overuse ; Dosing ; Drug discovery and surveillance ; Resistance as a side effect -- Appendix A: Molecules of life : The action of molecules defines life ; Proteins are molecular workers ; DNA is the repository of genetic information ; RNA plays several roles in life processes ; Carbohydrates store energy, form cell walls, and make rigid structures ; Lipids store energy and form membranes ; Cellular chemistry is organized into metabolic pathways -- Appendix B: Microbial life forms : Bacteria lack nuclei and other organelles ; Fungi are eukaryotes having cell walls but not chloropasts ; Parasitic protozoa are eukaryotes lacking a cell wall ; Helminths are parasitic worms ; Viruses are inert until they infect.

بدون عنوان

0

متن يادداشت

A clear, authoritative overview of the threat of growing antibiotic resistance in infectious microbes, as well as potential countermeasures.

موضوع مستند نشده

Drug resistance in microorganisms.

موضوع مستند نشده

Drug Resistance, Microbial-- immunology.

موضوع مستند نشده

Immunity, Innate.

موضوع مستند نشده

Angeborene Immunität.

موضوع مستند نشده

Antibiotikum.

موضوع مستند نشده

Arzneimittelresistenz.

موضوع مستند نشده

Drug resistance in microorganisms.

موضوع مستند نشده

Drug resistance.

موضوع مستند نشده

Microorganisms.

شماره

ويراست

شماره رده

نشانه اثر

شماره رده

شماره رده

نشانه اثر

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Drlica, Karl.

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Perlin, David.

تاريخ عمليات

20201203220134.0

نام الکترونيکي

نوع ماده

[Book]

تكميل شده

Y