عنوان

Philosophy :

شابک

1133612105

شابک

1133933424

شابک

1133933440

شابک

9781133612100

شابک

9781133933427

شابک

9781133933441

عنوان اصلي

Philosophy :

نام عام مواد

[Book]

ساير اطلاعات عنواني

a text with readings /

نام نخستين پديدآور

Manuel Velasquez.

وضعيت ويراست

12th ed.

محل نشرو پخش و غیره

Boston, MA :

نام ناشر، پخش کننده و غيره

Wadsworth/Cengage Learning,

تاریخ نشرو بخش و غیره

©2014.

نام خاص و کميت اثر

xx, 645 pages :

ساير جزييات

color illustrations ;

ابعاد

26 cm

متن يادداشت

Previous edition: Boston, Mass. : Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2011.

متن يادداشت

Includes bibliographical references and index.

متن يادداشت

1. The nature of philosophy -- What is philosophy? -- Plato's Myth of the cave -- Plato's Parable and "doing" philosophy -- Assumptions and critical thinking -- The diversity of philosophy -- Reasoning -- The traditional divisions of philosophy -- Epistemology : the study of knowledge -- Avoiding vague and ambiguous claims -- Metaphysics : the study of reality or existence -- Philosophical issues -- Supporting claims with reasons and arguments -- Ethics : the study of values -- Other philosophical inquiries -- A philosopher in action : Socrates -- Euthyphro : do we know what holiness is? -- Evaluating arguments -- The Republic : is justice what benefits the powerful? -- The Apology : Socrates' trial -- Crito : do we have an obligation to obey the law? -- Identifying premises, conclusions, and assumptions -- Breaking the law for the sake of justice -- The value of philosophy -- Achieving freedom -- Building your view of life -- cultivating awareness -- Albert Ellis and rational emotive behavior therapy -- Learning to think critically -- Does philosophy have a male bias? -- The theme of this text -- Reading : "Story of a good Brahman" / Voltaire -- Pre-Socratic Western philosophers -- Eastern philosophers -- 2. Human nature -- Why does your view of human nature matter? -- Deductive arguments, validity, and soundness -- The importance of understanding human nature -- Is selflessness real? -- What is human nature? -- The rationalistic version of the traditional Western view of human nature -- Is human nature irrational? -- The Judeo-Christian version of the traditional Western view of human nature -- The Darwinian challenge -- Inference to the best explanation -- The existentialist challenge -- The feminist challenge -- The mind-body problem : how do mind and body relate? -- The dualist view of human nature -- Evaluating an argument's premises -- The materialist view of human nature -- The mind/brain identity theory of human nature -- The behaviorist view of human nature -- The functionalist view of human nature -- Eliminative materialism -- The new dualism -- Is there an enduring self? -- The soul as the enduring self -- Memory ass the source of the enduring self -- The no-self view -- Are we independent and self-sufficient individuals? -- The atomistic self -- The relational self -- Power and Hegel's view -- Culture and self-identity -- Search for thee real self -- Readings : "The end of the party" / Graham Green -- "The self and substance dualism" / Garrett I. DeWeese and J.P. Moreland -- "The mind-body problem" / John R. Searle -- Plato, Aristotle, and Confucius.

متن يادداشت

3. Reality and being -- What is real? -- The experience machine, or does reality matter? -- Metaphysical questions of reality -- The search for reality -- Reality : material or nonmaterial? -- Materialism : reality as matter -- Objections to materialism -- The neutrino -- Idealism : reality as nonmatter -- Our knowledge of the world -- Conditional and disjunctive arguments -- Objections to idealism -- Reality in pragmatism -- Pragmatism's approach to philosophy -- The pragmatic method -- Objections to pragmatism -- Reality and logical positivism -- Parallel universes -- Categorical syllogism arguments -- Objections to logical positivism -- Antirealism : the heir of pragmatism and idealism -- Proponents of antirealism -- Objections to antirealism -- Encountering being : reality in phenomenology and existentialism -- Phenomenology -- Existentialism -- Objections to phenomenology and existentialism -- Is freedom real? -- Determinism -- Libertarianism -- Does our brain make our decisions before we consciously make them? -- Compatibilism -- Is time real? -- Time and human life -- Augustine : only the present moment is real -- McTaggart : subjective time is not real -- Kant : time is a mental construct -- Bergson : only subjective time is real -- Readings : "A toast to Captain Jerk" / Russell Maloney -- "Being more real" / Robert Nozick -- Hobbes and Berkeley -- 4. Philosophy, religion, and God -- The significance of religion -- Defining religion -- Religious belief, religious experience, and theology -- Does God exist? -- The ontological argument -- The cosmological argument -- Religion and science -- The design argument -- Arguments by analogy -- Atheism agnosticism, and the problem of evil -- Atheism -- God's omniscience and free will -- Agnosticism -- Formal and informal fallacies -- Traditional religious belief and experience -- Religious belief -- "The will to believe" -- Personal experience of the divine -- Nontraditional religious experience -- Radical theology -- Feminist theology -- Eastern religious traditions -- Readings : "The Brothers Karamazov" (excerpt) / Fyodor Dostoevsky -- "The inductive argument from evil and the human cognitive condition" / William P. Alston -- Aquinas, Descartes, and Conway.

متن يادداشت

5. The sources of knowledge -- Why is knowledge a problem? -- Acquiring reliable knowledge : reason and the senses -- The place of memory -- Is reason the source of our knowledge? -- Descartes : doubt and reason -- Innate ideas -- Can the senses account for all our knowledge? -- Locke and empiricism -- Science and the attempt to observe reality -- Berkeley and subjectivism -- Hume and skepticism -- Inductive generalizations -- Kant : does the knowing mind shape the world? -- Hume's challenge -- The basic issue -- Space, time, and mathematics -- Knowledge and Gestalt psychology -- Causality and the unity of the mind -- Romantic philosophers -- Constructivist theories and recovered memories -- Does science give us knowledge? -- Inductive reasoning and simplicity -- Society and truth -- The hypothetical method and falsifiability -- Paradigms and revolutions in science -- Distinguishing science from pseudoscience -- Is the theory of recovered memories science or pseudoscience? -- Readings : "An occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" / Ambrose Bierce -- "A defense of skepticism" / Peter Ungera -- "How do we know anything?" / Thomas Nagel -- Hume -- 6. Truth -- Knowledge, truth, and justification -- Knowledge as justified true belief -- Justification -- What is truth? -- Correspondence theory -- Coherence theory -- Truth and paradox -- Historical facts -- Pragmatic theory -- Does truth matter? -- Reconciling the theories of truth -- Deflating truth -- Does science give us truth? -- The instrumentalist view -- The realist view -- The conceptual relativist view -- Can interpretations be true? -- Symbolic interpretation and intention -- Wittgenstein and the ideal clear language -- Gadamer and prejudice -- Readings : "In a grove" / Ryunosuke Akutagawa -- "After truth : post-modernism and the rhetoric of science" / Hugh Tomlinson -- "Reality and truth" / John Searle.

متن يادداشت

7. Ethics -- What is ethics? -- Is ethics relative? -- Do consequences make an action right? -- Ethical egoism -- Utilitarianism -- Some implications of utilitarianism -- Do rules define morality? -- Divine command theory -- Embryonic stem cell research -- Implications of divine command ethics -- Kant's categorical imperative -- Buddhist ethics -- Is ethics based on character? -- Aristotle's theory of virtue -- Love and friendship -- Male and female ethics? -- Can ethics resolve moral quandaries? -- Abortion -- Euthanasia -- Moral reasoning -- Readings : "The heavenly Christmas tree" / Fyodor Dostoyevsky -- "Famine, affluence, and morality" / Peter Singer -- Nietzsche -- Wollstonecraft -- 8. Social and political philosophy -- What is social and political philosophy? -- What justifies the state? -- Hobbes and the war of all against all -- Locke and natural moral laws -- Rousseau and the general will -- Contemporary social contract : Rawls -- The communitarian critique -- Social contract and women -- What is justice? -- The purpose of business -- Justice as merit -- Justice and equality -- Justice as social utility -- Justice based on need and ability -- Justice based on liberty -- Welfare -- Limits on the state -- Unjust laws and civil disobedience -- Freedom -- Human rights -- War and terrorism -- Society and the bomb -- Readings : "All quiet on the Western Front" (excerpt) / Erich Maria Remarque -- "The ethics of war" / Bertrand Russell -- Marx -- Rawls -- 9. Postscript : the meaning of life -- Does life have meaning? -- What does the question mean? -- The theistic response to meaning -- Meaning and human progress -- The nihilist rejection of meaning -- Meaning as a self-chosen commitment.

متن يادداشت

Ch. 3. Reality and being -- Ch. 4. Philosophy, religion, and God -- Ch. 5. The sources of knowledge -- Ch. 6. Truth -- Ch. 7. Ethics -- Ch. 8. Social and political philosophy -- Ch. 9. Postscript: The meaning of life.

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موضوع مستند نشده

Philosophy, Introductions.

موضوع مستند نشده

Philosophie.

موضوع مستند نشده

Philosophy.

شماره

ويراست

شماره رده

نشانه اثر

شماره رده

شماره رده

کد سيستم

کد سيستم

مستند نام اشخاص تاييد نشده

Velasquez, Manuel G.

تاريخ عمليات

20200822155011.0

نام الکترونيکي

نوع ماده

[Book]

تكميل شده

Y