384. New York :,Communism and its demise. Real socialism. Decline and fall of socialism. The demise of communism in Central Europe. The collapse of the Soviet Union -- Shock therapy vs. gradualism. The radical reform program : a big bang. Gradual reform programs. Rent seeking : the scourge of transition. Criticism of radical reform after the Russian financial crash -- Output : slump and recovery. Sharp decline in recorded output and varied recovery. Exaggeration of the slump. Radical reform : least decline and early recovery. Late reformers : surged after 1998 -- Liberalization : the creation of a market economy. Different strategies of deregulation. Liberalization of foreign trade. Labor market policy. Combat of monopoly : gas and coal. A big bang : vital in deregulation -- From hyperinflation to financial stability. Establishing national currencies. Radical fiscal adjustment was key. Tax policy : from social democratic to liberal. Monetary policy : from loose to strict. Exchange rates : currency board or free float. Dramas of financial stabilization -- Privatization : the establishment of private property rights. Differing aims of privatization. Small-scale privatization : if started, swiftly done. Large-scale privatization : the biggest headache. Privatization of land, real estate, and housing. New enterprise development : the ultimate success. Great achievements of privatization. Vital : speed and legitimacy of property rights -- An inefficient social system. Incomes : differentiation and poverty. Life and health. Education adjusting to demand. Social transfers and pension reform. Alternative social models -- Democracy vs authoritarianism. Democratic breakthrough : critical for successful transformation. An under-reform trap. Renewed democratization : colored revolutions. Parties, electoral rules, and constitutions. How to tame the leviathan : reform of the communist state. Public opinion and ideology. Democracy and democracy aid -- From crime toward law. An explosion of crime. Attempts at building a legal system. Corruption : the bane of transition -- The role of oligarchs. Who are the oligarchs? The economics of oligarchy. The politics of oligarchy. Complaints : a matter of ideology. A question of property rights. Putin's alternative : centralized dictatorship -- The role of international assistance. The dream of Europe. Western failure to act in the East. Trade policy : a gulf between the EU and the CIS. International assistance : insufficient but crucial -- Conclusions : a world transformed. Different models. Achievements and r

پدیدآورنده :

کتابخانه: Library of Islamic Parliament (Tehran)

394. Possible pasts :

پدیدآورنده :

کتابخانه: Center and Library of Islamic Studies in European Languages (Qom)

موضوع : Acculturation-- America-- History, Congresses.,Culture conflict-- America-- History, Congresses.,Culture diffusion-- America-- History, Congresses.,Intercultural communication-- America-- History, Congresses.,Communication interculturelle-- Amérique-- Histoire, Congrès.,Conflit culturel-- Amérique-- Histoire-- Congrès.,Diffusion culturelle-- Amérique-- Histoire-- Congrès.,Éducation au développement-- Amérique-- Histoire-- Congrès.,Acculturation.,Colonization-- Historiography.,Colonization-- Social aspects.,Culture conflict.,Culture diffusion.,Cultuur.,HISTORY-- United States-- State & Local-- General.,Identiteit.,Intercultural communication.,Kolonialisme.,Kolonialismus,Kulturkonflikt,Kulturkontakt,POLITICAL SCIENCE-- Colonialism & Post-Colonialism.,America, Colonization, Historiography, Congresses.,America, Colonization, Social aspects, Congresses.,America, History, To 1810, Congresses.,United States, History, Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775, Congresses.,Amérique, Colonisation, Aspect social, Congrès.,Amérique, Colonisation, Historiographie, Congrès.,Amérique, Histoire, Jusqu'à 1810, Congrès.,États-Unis, Histoire, ca 1600-1775 (Période coloniale), Congrès.,America.,Amerika,Pennsylvania 1994,United States., 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7

رده :
E101
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P67
2000eb