عنوان

بررسی دانش، نگرش و عملکرد والدین فارسی زبان در رابطه با رشد ارتباط، زبان، گفتار و بلع کودکان ۰ تا ۱۸ ماهه¬ی همدان

Text of Note

Introduction & Objectives: Among the environments in which the child is present, the family environment with the presence of the parents (and the more important role of the mother) is the first and most effective interactive and communication context that is formed between the parent and the child which can greatly affect the child's developmental process. According to some researchers, in the family environment, parent-child interaction has a significant impact on the child's developmental path during the first years of birth (especially the first three years of life). Therefore, the amount of knowledge, attitude and practice of parents towards the child's developmental characteristics and the role of parents during the child's developmental process is very important.The main purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge, attitude and practice of parents about the development of communication, language, speech and swallowing of children from birth to 18 months.Methods and Materials: This study had two phases, the first phase of which was instrument design and the second phase was descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. In the first phase, a questionnaire was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of parents by reviewing the texts using reliable sources and holding numerous meetings with experts in the field of speech therapy. After reviewing the face and content validity of the questionnaire, for assess the validity of test-retest method was used based on and 28 mothers re-completed the same questionnaire two weeks after. Interclass Correlation Coefficient for items in each domain of knowledge, attitude, and performance was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After the final corrections, in the second phase of the study, the questionnaire was completed by 280 mothers who were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Due to the prevalence of coronavirus, sampling was done in an accessible way both in person and online. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 22 This analysis was performed through correlation between variables and multivariate linear regression.Results: According to the findings of this study, the content validity index of this questionnaire are with a minimum score of CVR> 0/77 and CVI> 0/80 and also the face validity index is more than 1.5 for all questions, which shows that this researcher-made questionnaire has a high content and face validity. in addition, to the mentioned indicators, in order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, two methods of test-retest and Interclass Correlation Coefficient were used for items within each area of knowledge, attitude and practice, which showed that the reliability of the questions The questionnaire was approved in both methods.The results showed that the rate of correct response of parents participating in this study to knowledge domain questions was 85/51% and on the other hand their rate of response to questions in the field of attitude and practice of the parents was 75/94 and 70/67 Has been a percentage.In the analysis of correlations, according to the objectives of the study on the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice of parents regarding the development of communication, language, speech and swallowing of children from birth to 18 months, The results showed that a significant and direct but weak relationship between between knowledge and practice (r = 0/161), (p = 0/007), knowledge and attitude (p = 0/000) (r = 0/24), and finally between parents' attitude and practice (r = 0/348) , (p = 0/000). By multivariate regression analysis and by adjusting the variables, we examined the effect of parents 'age, level of education and parents' economic status on knowledge, attitude and performance. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that there is a direct and significant relationship with weak intensiy between knowledge and economic status (p=0/039) , (r=0/142) mother's attitude and education (p=0/000) , (r=0/222). However, in the Correlation study was found no significant relationship between other variables related to parents and their knowledge, attitude and practice (p> 0/05).In addition, Examining the sources of information of parents, it was found that most parents, ie 58% of them receive the information they need from a doctor or specialist, and in the second place of the book with 44/8% and the third place with 35% belongs to social media.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of the content validity, face validity and reliability of the questionnaire, it was found that the questionnaire used in this study is a suitable questionnaire to measure the knowledge, attitude and practice of parents about the development of communication, language , Speech and swallowing of children from birth to 18 months. The results showed that there was a direct relationship between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and practice and on the other hand between parents' attitude and practice. Which show that by changing one of the three components of knowledge, attitude and practice, we can see changes in other components. On the other hand, there was a direct relationship between knowledge and economic status of parents, mother's education and their attitudes. Some studies had similar results and some studies had opposite results that these differences could be the result of differences in sample size, data collection location, tools used and statistical population and others. Finally, by examining the sources of parental information, it was found that most parents choose the most reliable source, which is a doctor or specialist, to obtain information, and in the next ranks, they use books and social media to obtain information. If the contents of these two sources are not correct, it can lead to the transmission of incorrect information to parents. Also, considering the results the that books and social media are among the most frequent sources of information for parents, it is necessary to give the necessary information to parents about the validity of these sources.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, communication development, language development, speech development, swallowing development, Prelinguistic period