بررسي قاعده اقدام در ثبوت و سقوط ضمان در حقوق اماميه و موضوعه ايران
First Statement of Responsibility
اکبر میرزائی چینی بلاغ
.PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC
Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.
پردیس دانشگاه تبریز
Date of Publication, Distribution, etc.
۱۴۰۰
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Specific Material Designation and Extent of Item
۹۷ص.
Accompanying Material
سی دی
DISSERTATION (THESIS) NOTE
Dissertation or thesis details and type of degree
کارشناسی ارشد
Discipline of degree
حقوق خصوصی
Date of degree
۱۴۰۰/۱۱/۲۳
SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
Text of Note
یكی از قواعدی که در حقوق خصوصی بالاخص در بخش مسئوليتها میتواند راهگشا و موثر باشد، قاعده اقدام است. این قاعده را از موارد معافيت و عدم تعلّق مسئوليت مدنی نيز میدانند. معنای قاعده «اقدام» این است که اگر کسی با علم و قصد و رضایت، ضرر یا ضمانی را بپذیرد یا آن كه وارد تعهدی شود که مسئوليت آور است، هيچ کس ضامن او نخواهد بود. محكم ترین دليل قاعده «اقدام» ادلّه عقلی است. برخی «اقدام» را قاعده نمیدانند بلكه آن را «نظریه عام فقهی» دانستهاند. این قاعده، از طریق متزلزل ساختن مبانی ضمان همچون احترام مال مسلمان، و قاعده لا ضرر، موجب انتفاء رابطه سببيت ميان فعل زیانبار و خسارت وارده میشود. در برابر موجبات ضمان، عوامل ساقط کننده ضمان قرار دارد که میتوان به قاعده اقدام اشاره نمود. در این پژوهش بر مبنای شیوه توصیفی و تحلیلی به سئوالات مختلف پاسخ داده شد و نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که قاعده اقدام با توجه به مدارک و مستندات متعددی از قبيل روایات، بنای عقلا و اجماع به اثبات رسيده است. مالک بودن، بالغ بودن، عاقل بودن و عالم و آگاه بودن را از جمله شرایط قاعده اقدام شمردیم. این قاعده با مبانی قواعدی چون علی اليد، تسليط، ابراء، استيمان و تحذیر مرتبط میباشد. از طرفی قاعده اقدام، از طریق متزلزل ساختن مبانی ضمان همچون احترام مال مسلمان، و قاعده لا ضرر، موجب انتفاء رابطه سببيت ميان فعل زیانبار و خسارت وارده شده، مسئوليت مدنی را از عامل زیان بر میدارد و او را در قبال خسارتی که وارد نموده مبری از ضمان میکند.
Text of Note
AbstractOne of the rules that can be instructive and effective in private law, especially in the area of responsibilities, is the rule of action. An obligation that is the provisions of a guarantee represents a legal relationship between two persons in which the obligee has the right to compel the obligee to pay the property or to perform an act or leave the obligee. On the other hand, against the causes of the guarantee, there are factors that invalidate the guarantee, which can be referred to as the rule of action. This rule is also known as exemption and non-affiliation of civil liability. The meaning of the rule of "action" is that if someone with knowledge and intention and consent accepts a loss or guarantee or enters into an obligation that is responsible, no one will be his guarantor. The strongest reason for the rule of "action" is rational reasoning. Some do not consider "action" as a rule, but as a "general jurisprudential theory". This rule, by undermining the foundations of guarantee such as respect for Muslim property, and the rule of no harm, eliminates the causal relationship between the harmful act and the damage caused. In this research, various hypotheses are answered based on descriptive and analytical methods, and the results of the research show that the rule of action has been proven according to various documents such as narrations, the construction of reason and consensus. He mentioned ownership, maturity, wisdom, knowledge and awareness as the conditions of the rule of action. The scope of this rule is considered to the extent that it does not disrupt public order, otherwise its scope is reduced. This rule is related to the principles of rules such as Ali al-Alid, domination, acquittal, repentance and warning. On the other hand, the rule of action, by undermining the foundations of guarantee, such as respect for Muslim property, and the rule of no harm, eliminates the causal relationship between the harmful act and the damage caused, removes civil liability from the perpetrator and holds him responsible for the damage. It is free from guarantee. Therefore, according to the above-mentioned matters, the rule of action is a jurisprudential, legal rule; on the other hand, it is an orthodox rule and a non-ruling rule. Keywords: rule of action, causes of guarantee, action of guarantee, fall of guarantee, civil liability.
OTHER VARIANT TITLES
Variant Title
Investigating the rule of action in establishing and dropping Civil Liability in Imami and Iranian case law