عنوان

مطالعه تاثیر اقلیم بر تشکیل و تکامل خاک و کانی شناسی رس در استان آذربایجان غربی

Number

‭۶۴پ‬

.Language of Text, Soundtrack etc

per

Title Proper

مطالعه تاثیر اقلیم بر تشکیل و تکامل خاک و کانی شناسی رس در استان آذربایجان غربی

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/سالار رضاپور

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تبریز: دانشگاه تبریز

Specific Material Designation and Extent of Item

‮‭۱۸۶‬ ص‬

Text of Note

جدول،نمودار،عکس

Text of Note

چاپی

Text of Note

واژه نامه بصورت زیرنویس

Text of Note

کتابنامه ص.: ‮‭۱۷۱-۱۸۶‬

Dissertation or thesis details and type of degree

دکتری

Discipline of degree

مهندسی کشاورزی-علوم خاک

Date of degree

‮‭۱۳۸۸/۱۲/۲۵‬

Body granting the degree

تبریز: دانشگاه تبریز

Text of Note

1the rate of soil development and the genesis of clay minerals are strongly controlled by climate and its variations, known as active factor in soil formation. Soil genesis and clay mineralogy of soils the west Azarbaijan Province, north-west of Iran, were studied in order to evaluate: (i) effect of different climatic conditions on soil genesis and development; (ii) effect of different climatic conditions on the origin, distribution and evaluation of clay minerals in soils and parent rock; and (iii) effects of available water index (AWI) and aridity index (AI) on physicochemical properties, soil genesis and development, and clay minerals. Accordingly, 44 profiles from south to north of the west Azerbaijan Province including areas of Sardasht, Piransher, Oshnavieh, Mahabad, Urmia, Salmas, and Khoy were selected as representative profile. The profiles were described and classified and soil samples collected for physicochemical and mineralogical studies. In addition, seven parent rock samples were collected for assessing the relationships of clay minerals in soils and parent rock. The results revealed that climate and its indices play a crucial role in physical, chemical, mineralogical characteristics, and development degree of the soils studied. Soils of more humid conditions indicated higher content of organic matter, CEC, clay accumulation index (CAI), pedogenic and crystalline iron oxides, iron oxides accumulation index (IOAI), and smectite/(chlorite+illite) ratio and lower amount of calcium carbonate, pH, EC and active iron oxides ratio.The content of calcium carbonate had much variation with regard to variability of AWI and AI. For instance, decalcification occurred at AWI ? 0.375 and AI ? 29.5. Poor crystalline Fe (Feo), pedogenic Fe (Fed) and crystalline Fe (Fed-Feo) of soils exhibited close relationship with climatic indices, weathering, soil type, drainage, soil formation processes and land use. For surface horizons and hydromorphic soils, presenting unfavorable conditions for the formation of crystalline Fe oxides such as great organic matter and poor drainage, appeared larger amount of Feo. In Alfisols with the highest precipitation, climatic indices values (AWI and AI), and great rate of weathering and developed soils, the greatest Fed content have observed. Fed content increasing with depth could be attributed to (i) migration of iron oxides coated clay from upper to lower horizons in well-drained soils, and (ii) high rate of in situ weathering, as results of wetting-drying cycle and activity of roots, in poor-drained soils. Active Fe ratio (Feo/Fed) followed rank of Entisoils > Inceptisols > Vertisols > Mollisols > Alfisols and could not separate well-drained soils from their poorly drained with respect to the ratio. Effects of weathering, eluviations and illuviation, and degree of soil development exhibited a parallel trend in IOAI and CAI values. Positive significant correlation between AWI with IOAI (r = 0.4, P ? 0.05) and CAI (r = 0.57, P ? 0.05) as well as between AI with IOAI (r = 0.39, P ? 0.05) and CAI (r = 0.54, P ? 0.05) indicated that IOAI and CAI are possibly as function of climate. Illite, chlorite-kaolinite, smectite, vermiculite, and mix clay minerals were major clay minerals in the studied soils. Chlorite-kaolinite, smectite and vermiculite were predominated in more humid soils (Sardasht and Piransher) while illite and chlorite-kaolinite were more dominant in drier soils (Khoy and Salmas). Different patterns of clay minerals distribution were observed in soil profiles of different climatic regions. Chlorite-kaolinite remains unweathered irrespective of climate and its indices, soil formation processes and variations of physicochemical properties in the studied soils. This trend along with the presence of a large amount of the mineral in parent rock revealed that the inheritance is the main pathways for the occurrence of chlorite-kaolinite in the soils. Illite content in more humid soils (Sardasht and Piransher) was significantly different (P ? 0.05) in comparison with drier soils (Khoy and Salmas). Sensitivity of this mineral to weathering is probably reason for this behavior. There were negative significant relationships between illite content and climatic indices as follows:Illite = -0.0086 (AWI) + 0.5663, R2 = 0.79, P ? 0.00

100.0 ? P ,8.0 = 2R ,601.55 + )IA( 560.1- = etillI

رضاپور، سالار

.etitcems otni etilli fo noitamrofsnart gnirud larenim etaidemretni sa mrof eb yam etilucimrev taht detacidni )50.0 ? P ,81.0 = 2R( etilucimrev dna etilli neewteb pihsnoitaler esrevni dna etitcems htiw larenim siht fo snoitairav lellarap ylevitaleR .ylevitcepser ,2.02 ? dna 42.0 ? erew IA dna IWA erehw ecnivorp fo snoiger dimuh ot detimil saw etilucimrev fo ecnerrucco ehT .noitaivulli yalc enif ot eud ylbaborp etitcems fo tnetnoc hgih dewohs slios rehsnariP dna thsadraS fo snoziroh ecafrusbuS .etitcems ot etilli fo noitamrofsnart eht demrifnoc )elbaegnahcxe dna elbaegnahcxe-non( smrof K htiw etitcems dna etilli fo etar ytilibairav htiw gnola )10.0 ? P ,64.0 = 2R( etitcems dna etilli neewteb pihsnoitaler esrevni na fo ecneserp ehT .noitulos lios morf noitamrofoen dna etilli fo noitamrofsnart fo tluser a sa ylniam deredisnoc ylniam si etitcems fo noitamroF .gnirehtaew hguorht etitcems dna etilucimrev sa hcus slarenim rehto otni noitamrofsnart etilli detacidni spihsnoitaler esehT

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