تأثیر متیونین محافظتشده، اسیدفولیک و ویتامین B۱۲ بر فراسنجههای خونی و شکمبهصای، قابلیت هضم جیره و عملکرد گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین
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Effect of dietary supplements of folic acid, vitamin B۱۲, and rumen-protected methionine on ruminal and blood parameters, diet digestibility, and performance in lactating Holstein dairy cows
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چاپی - الکترونیکی
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در این تحقیق اثرات مکملسازی آنالوگ متیونین محافظتشده (HMBi) بهتنهایی و یا همراه با اسیدفولیک (B۹) و ویتامین B۱۲ روی فراسنجههای تخمیر در محیط کشت ثابت و همینطور هضم in vitro شکمبهای و بعد شکمبهای با استفاده از تکنیک سه مرحلهای اصلاح شده موردبررسی قرار گرفت .با استفاده از نرمافزارDairy - CPMو اطلاعات فرضی برای گاو شیری، یک جیره کاملا مخلوط تنظیم گردید و بهعنوان سوبسترا استفاده شد .هشت تیمار آزمایشی در قالب طرح فاکتوریل۲ ۲ ۲با فاکتورهای) HMBi سطح صفر و ۱۳/۰ درصد ماده خشک(، اسیدفولیک) سطح صفر و ۱۲/۰ درصد ماده خشک(، و ویتامین) B۱۲سطح صفر و ۰۰۲۱/۰ درصد ماده خشک (مرتب شدند .ابتدا فراسنجههای تخمیر برای اثرات مکملهای جیرهای با استفاده از تکنیک تولید گاز in vitro gas production مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت .سپس از تکنیک محیط کشت ثابت اصلاح شده برای مطالعه روی تخمیر شکمبهای به روش آزمایشگاهی و محصولات نهایی تخمیر استفاده شد .درنهایت قابلیت هضم شکمبهای و رودهای به روش برونتنی برای پروتئینخام با تکنیک اصلاح شده سه مرحلهای هضم بررسی گردید .نتایج نشان داد در مقایسه با گروه شاهد، مکملسازیHMBi ، تولید گاز تجمعی (P < ۰.۰۰۱) و فراسنجههای تخمیر (P < ۰.۰۱) را در سراسر مدت انکوباسیون کاهش داد .یافتهها مشخص نمود که اثرات متقابل بین B۹ و B۱۲ با کاهش ( P < ۰.۰۱) تولید تجمعی گاز، بخش (P = ۰.۰۱) A و بخش (P = ۰.۰۲) C در ارتباط بود .هضم پروتئینخام با مکملسازی تنها HMBi ، اسیدفولیک و B۱۲ در ساعتهای اولیه انکوباسیون کاهش یافت اما بعد از ۳۶ ساعت تولید گاز، هضم پروتئین افزایش یافت .مکملسازی جیره با اسیدفولیک بهتنهایی یا به همراهHMBi ، هضم NDF (P<۰.۰۵) را برای ۴ و ۲۴ ساعت انکوباسیون افزایش داد .در مقایسه با کنترل، نیتروژن آمونیاکی با مکملسازی کاهش معنیداری یافت .کل اسیدهای چرب فرار با مکملسازی جیرهای B۱۲ در مقایسه با کنترل حدود ۱۳ تا ۴۶ درصد بهبود یافت .بیشترین میزان کل اسیدهای چرب فرار در ارتباط با HMBi از ساعت ۲۴ به بعد بود .اضافه کردن HMBi بهتنهایی یا به همراه B۹ وB۱۲ ، هضم بعد از شکمبهای پروتئینخام را افزایش داد درحالیکه ویتامینهای B اثرات مشابهی با مکملسازی بهصورت تنها نداشتند .نتایج in vitro نشان دادند که مکملسازی جیره با HMBi و ویتامینهای گروه B با بهبود تخمیر باعث کاهش تولید گاز، منجر به افزایش تولید کل اسیدهای چرب فرار شده و مصرف نیتروژن آمونیاکی در شکمبه را افزایش میدهند
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59, mean of DIM 60 to 110 days, and milk yield 40 kg/d were adjusted to 5 diets in replicated Latin square with 3 square. All experimental period was 120 days. Diets were 1) AMP: MP- sufficient diet (MP balance: +7 g/d), 2) DMPM: MP-deficient diet (-261 g/d) with RPMet 3) DMPML: MP-deficient diet with RPMet and RPLys 4) DMPMLB9: MP-deficient diet with RPmet and RPLys plus folic acid 5) DMPMLB9B12: MP-deficient diet with RPmet and RPLys plus folic acid plus vitamin B12. AMP and DMP diets were formulated to have 16.38 and 13.47 crude protein. Nutrient apparent total tract digestibility, nutrient excretion, and blood urea nitrogen were affected by treatments. Milk yield and milk protein and fat production and concentrations were not influenced by DMP diets compared with AMP. Dairy cows received DMPM and DMPML had reduced DMI in comparison with AMP while supplementary folic acid and vitamin B12 decreased DMI of these diets (P < 0.05). Although milk production decreased numerically but was not statistically significant. Cows fed DMP diets has less essential free amino acid profile compared with AMP except for Met and Lys. As a conclusion, supplementing DMP diets (9 MP deficiency) with Met and Lys did not decrease DMI while it was declined in combination with folic acid and vitamin B12. Reduced MP in DMP diets was not able to decline milk yield among treatments and DMP diets had similar milk production and milk composition compared to AMP diet. Total tract apparent NDF digestibility of DMPM, DMPML, DMPMLB9B12 were not changed compared with AMP, while DMPMLB9 enhanced NDF total tract digestibility. Our results suggested that diets with low protein but with similar milk yield and milk protein and fat production compared to AMP, had higher N utilization efficiency compared to high protein diets and fecal excretion of nutrients was reduced by MP-deficient diets that were surprising with a reduced detrimental impact on the environment▒2 factorial design with factors of HMBi (0 and 0.13 DM), folic acid (0 and 0.012 DM), and vitamin B12 (0 and 0.0021 DM). In the first experiment, fermentation characteristics and parameters were evaluated for dietary supplements effects using in vitro gas measuring technique. In the second experiment, an in vitro modified batch culture technique was performed to study on in vitro digestion and fermentation end products. Finally, ruminal and post-ruminal digestibility of crude protein was investigated by a modified three-step technique. In comparison with control, supplementation of HMBi declined cumulative gas production (P<0.001) and fermentation parameters (P<0.01) all over the incubation times. Interaction effects between B9 and B12 were identified (P 0.01) that were associated with the decreased cumulative gas production (P 0.01), A fraction (P = 0.01) and C fraction (P = 0.02). Digestion of CP declined at first incubation time by alone supplementation of HMBi, folic acid and B12 but it was improved after that. Supplementation of folic acid alone or in combination with HMBi increased (P0.05) NDF digestion for 4 and 24 h of incubation. Ammonia-N was decreased significantly with supplementation compared with the intact diet. Total VFA was also enhanced (13 to 46 ) by dietary supplementation of B12 compared with unsupplemented diet. The highest VFA was associated with HMBi from 24 h and thereafter. The addition of HMBi individually or with B9 and B12 increased post-ruminal CP while B vitamins had not the same effect of supplementing individually. Results suggest that supplementation of the diet with HMBi and B vitamins, modify rumen fermentation by decreasing gas production, enhancing the production of VFA and increasing utilization of ammonia-N in the rumen. The objective of the in vivo study was the investigation of dietary supplementation of MP-deficient diets (with 9 deficiency under NRC requirements) with RPMet, RPLys, B9 and vitamin B12 on the performance of the Holstein lactating dairy cows. In the current study, 15 multiparous (2 and 3 parity) lactating dairy cows by mean of weight 6502To evaluate the effect of rumen-protected methionine and Vitamin B on ruminal function and dairy performance two experiments including in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. To study on ruminal function and characteristics, HMBi has been used in this section. The effects of dietary supplementation of HMBi, alone or in combination with B vitamins were investigated on fermentation characteristics and in vitro ruminal and post-ruminal digestion using three modified techniques. A total-mixed ration was formulated using the assumptive animal information by CPM-Dairy software and used as a substrate. Eight dietary treatments arranged in a 2
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Parallel Title
Effect of dietary supplements of folic acid, vitamin B۱۲, and rumen-protected methionine on ruminal and blood parameters, diet digestibility, and performance in lactating Holstein dairy cows