مطالعه سیستماتیک و تهیه نقشه پراکنش مگسهای خانواده Tachinidae (Diptera)در استانهای آذربایجانشرقی، آذربایجانغربی، گیلان و مازندران
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، ۱۳۹۶
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چاپی
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The family Tachinidae forms one of the most diverse families of the flies (Diptera) with about 8500 valid species worldwide, and nearly 1,600 in the Palaearctic region. This family is ecologically and economically important due to their parasitoid lifestyle on other insects. Tachinids attack a wide range of arthropod hosts. In the present study, we studied the fauna of tachinid flies in the East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, Gilan and Mazandaran provinces and their distribution maps in these regions using ArcGIS software, as well as their biodiversity indices based on continuous sampling using Malaise traps in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces. In order to study of the family Tachinidae, sampling was done by using sweep net in East Azarbaijan and West Azarbaijan provinces during 2013-2015, from April to early October. Sampling in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces was done by using Malaise traps during 2010-2011, from April to early October, and samples were kept in the insect collection of Tarbiat Modarres University. The specimens of the family Tachinidae were separated in 2014. After transferring the samples to the laboratory of Tabriz University, the specimens were stored in ethanol 75. and then were identified using existing availble keys. In this study, a total of 130 species from 86 genera and four subfamilies were collected and identified, of which, one species of the genera Baumhaueria Meigen, is new species and 36 genera and 70 species are new for the fauna of Iran which respectively indicated by ** and * in the following list. Studing the distribution maps of the family Tachinidae in northwestern and northern provinces show that abundance and distribution of specimens of the subfamily Tachininae in East Azarbaijan and West Azarbaijan provinces is highest emong the other subfamilies. In Gilan and Mazandaran provinces distribution and abundance of the subfamily Exoristinae is the highest. Study of biodiversity of tachinid flies in the northern provinces showed that species diversity and species richness in Gilan province is more than of Mazandaran province. A positive correlation between biodiversity indices and altitude of studied areas was observed (5
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حشره شناسی
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۱۳۹۶/۰۵/۲۹
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خانواده Tachinidaeبا حدود ۸۵۰۰ گونه شناسایی شده در دنیا، دومین خانواده ازنظر تنوع در راسته دوبالان میباشد که از این تعداد بیش از ۱۶۰۰ گونه از منطقه پالئارکتیک گزارش شدهاند .گونههای این خانواده به دلیل شیوه زندگی پارازیتوییدی خود روی سایر حشرات، از نظر زیستصمحیطی و اقتصادی اهمیت زیادی داشته و به طیف وسیعی از بندپایان حمله میکنند .در مطالعه حاضر ضمن بررسی فون مگسهای Tachinidae در چهار استان آذربایجانشرقی، آذربایجانغربی، گیلان و مازندران، نقشه پراکنش آنها در این مناطق با ثبت مختصات جغرافیایی) طول، عرض جغرافیایی و ارتفاع از سطح دریا (و با استفاده از نرمافزار ArcGIS تهیه شد، همچنین شاخصهای تنوع زیستی براساس نمونهبرداریهای مستمر و منظم با استفاده از تله مالیز در استانهای گیلان و مازندران محاسبه گردید .جهت مطالعه فون حشرات خانوادهTachinidae ، نمونهبرداری از استانهای آذربایجانشرقی و آذربایجانغربی از فروردین تا اوایل مهرماه سالهای۱۳۹۱ - ۱۳۹۴با استفاده از تور حشرهگیری انجام گرفت .نمونهبرداری در شرق استان گیلان و بخش مرکزی استان مازندران طی سالهای۱۳۸۹ - ۱۳۹۰با استفاده از تله مالیز بهصورت هفتگی انجام شده و نمونهها در کلکسیون حشرات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس در اتانول ۷۵ نگهداری میشوند .نمونههای خانواده Tachinidae از میان نمونههای این کلکسیون طی سال ۱۳۹۳ تفکیک شده و پس از انتقال به آزمایشگاه دانشگاه تبریز با استفاده از کلیدهای معتبر موجود شناسایی شدند .در این بررسی در مجموع ۱۳۰ گونه از ۸۶ جنس و چهار زیرخانواده، از خانواده Tachinidae جمعآوری و شناسایی شدند که از میان آنها یک گونه برای فون دنیا و ۳۶ جنس و ۷۰ گونه برای فون ایران جدید میباشند که در لیست زیر به ترتیب با ** و * نشان داده شدهاند .بررسی نقشههای پراکنش مگسهای خانواده Tachinidaeدر استانهای شمالغرب و شمال کشور نشان میدهد که در استانهای آذربایجانشرقی و آذربایجانغربی، فراوانی و پراکنش گونههای زیرخانواده Tachininaeنسبت به سایر زیرخانوادهها بیشتر بوده و در استانهای گیلان و مازندران پراکنش و فراوانی مگسهای زیرخانواده Exoristinae بیشتر از سایر زیرخانوادهها است .بررسی تنوع زیستی در استانهای شمال کشور نشان داد که شاخصهای تنوع گونهای و غنای گونهای در استان گیلان بیشتر از استان مازندران میباشد .همچنین همبستگی مثبتی بین شاخصهای تنوع زیستی و ارتفاع از سطح دریا در سطح احتمال ۵ مشاهده شد .لیست گونههای مطالعه شده به شرح زیر میباشد*; Zophomyia temula*; Z. nudigena*; Z. erythrea*; Voria ruralis; Zaira cinerea; Zeuxia cinerea*; T. solivaga; Triarthria setipennis*; T. magnicornis; T. nupta; T. praeceps; Thelaira nigripes*; Tachina fera; T. magna*; S. iners*; Stomina caliendrata*; Spallanzania hebes*; Siphona paludosa*; Ramonda spathulata*; Platymya fimbriata; Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata*; Picconia incurva*; Phyllomya volvulus*; Phryxe nemea; P. vulgaris*; Phania funesta; Phasia hemiptera; P. obesa; P. pussila; P. subcoleoptrata; Phorinia aurifrons*; Peribaea tibialis; Periscepsia carbonaria*; Peleteria meridionalis; Periarchiclops scutellaris*; Pales pavida; Paratryphera barbatula*; Ocytata pallipes*; N. danileveskyi; N. ferox*; Nowickia atripalpis*; Nilea innoxia*; Nemorilla maculosa; Neophryxe vallina*; Mintho rufiventris; Nemoraea pellucida*; Microphthalma europaea; Microsoma exiguum*; M. tessellum; Masicera sphingivora; Medina collaris*; M. tenebricosa*; M. praefica*; M. grisea*; M. dispar*; Macquartia chalconota*; Lydella thompsoni; Lydina aenea*; Loewia brevifrons*; L. neavei; L. soror*; Labigastera pauciseta; Leucostoma anthracinum; L. crassum; L. engeddense; L. simplex; Linnamyia fraetr*; Klugia marginata*; Istocheta cinerea*; Hypovoria hilaris*; Gymnosoma clavatum; G. iranica ; G. rotundatum; Hemyda obscuripennis*; Gymnocheta viridis*; Graphogaster vestita*; G. vacua*;Germaria graeca; Gonia bimaculata; G. capitata; G. ornata*; Freraea gagatea*; Eumea mitis; Exorista rustica*; E. petiolata*; Estheria nigripes*; E. mesnili*; Ernestia argentifera*; E. rufomaculatus*; Eriothrix apenninus*; Ectophasia crassipennis; E. oblonga; Eliozeta helluo; E. pellucens; Elomya lateralis; Epicampocera succincta*; Dufouria nigrita*; D. latigena*; Drino vicina*; Compsilura concinnata; Cylindromyia intermedia; C. rufipes; C. bicolor; C. brassicaria; C. brevicornis; C. crassa; C. auriceps; C. pusilla; C.pilipes; Cyrtophleba ruricola; Dexia rustica*; Clytiomya sola*; Clemelis sp.*; Catharosia pygmaea; Chetogena nigrofasciata; Cistogaster mesnili; Clairvillia pninae*; Bracteola anthracina*; Brachymera rugosa*; Brachicheta strigata*; Blepharipa pratensis*; Bithia maculifacies*; B. lateritia*; Besseria anthophila species complex*; Bessa parallela**; Baumhaueria spec. nova.*; Aphria longirostris; Aplomya confinis; Athrycia trepida*; A. infantula*: Actia crassicornis
Text of Note
The family Tachinidae forms one of the most diverse families of the flies (Diptera) with about 8500 valid species worldwide, and nearly 1,600 in the Palaearctic region. This family is ecologically and economically important due to their parasitoid lifestyle on other insects. Tachinids attack a wide range of arthropod hosts. In the present study, we studied the fauna of tachinid flies in the East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, Gilan and Mazandaran provinces and their distribution maps in these regions using ArcGIS software, as well as their biodiversity indices based on continuous sampling using Malaise traps in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces. In order to study of the family Tachinidae, sampling was done by using sweep net in East Azarbaijan and West Azarbaijan provinces during 2013-2015, from April to early October. Sampling in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces was done by using Malaise traps during 2010-2011, from April to early October, and samples were kept in the insect collection of Tarbiat Modarres University. The specimens of the family Tachinidae were separated in 2014. After transferring the samples to the laboratory of Tabriz University, the specimens were stored in ethanol 75 and then were identified using existing availble keys. In this study, a total of 130 species from 86 genera and four subfamilies were collected and identified, of which, one species of the genera Baumhaueria Meigen, is new species and 36 genera and 70 species are new for the fauna of Iran which respectively indicated by ** and * in the following list. Studing the distribution maps of the family Tachinidae in northwestern and northern provinces show that abundance and distribution of specimens of the subfamily Tachininae in East Azarbaijan and West Azarbaijan provinces is highest emong the other subfamilies. In Gilan and Mazandaran provinces distribution and abundance of the subfamily Exoristinae is the highest. Study of biodiversity of tachinid flies in the northern provinces showed that species diversity and species richness in Gilan province is more than of Mazandaran province. A positive correlation between biodiversity indices and altitude of studied areas was observed (5 ). The list of the studied species is as follows: Actia crassicornis*; A. infantula*; Aphria longirostris; Aplomya confinis; Athrycia trepida*; Baumhaueria spec. nova.**; Bessa parallela*; Besseria anthophila species complex*; B. lateritia*; Bithia maculifacies*; Blepharipa pratensis*; Brachicheta strigata*; Brachymera rugosa*; Bracteola anthracina*; Catharosia pygmaea; Chetogena nigrofasciata; Cistogaster mesnili; Clairvillia pninae*; Clemelis sp.*; Clytiomya sola*; Compsilura concinnata; Cylindromyia intermedia; C. rufipes; C. bicolor; C. brassicaria; C. brevicornis; C. crassa; C. auriceps; C. pusilla; C.pilipes; Cyrtophleba ruricola; Dexia rustica*; Drino vicina*; D. latigena*; Dufouria nigrita*; Ectophasia crassipennis; E. oblonga; Eliozeta helluo; E. pellucens; Elomya lateralis; Epicampocera succincta*; Eriothrix apenninus*; E. rufomaculatus*; Ernestia argentifera*; E. mesnili*; Estheria nigripes*; E. petiolata*; Eumea mitis; Exorista rustica*; Freraea gagatea*;Germaria graeca; Gonia bimaculata; G. capitata; G. ornata*; G. vacua*; Graphogaster vestita*; Gymnocheta viridis*; Gymnosoma clavatum; G. iranica ; G. rotundatum; Hemyda obscuripennis*; Hypovoria hilaris*; Istocheta cinerea*; Klugia marginata*; Labigastera pauciseta; Leucostoma anthracinum; L. crassum; L. engeddense; L. simplex; Linnamyia fraetr*; L. neavei; L. soror*; Loewia brevifrons*; Lydella thompsoni; Lydina aenea*; Macquartia chalconota*; M. dispar*; M. grisea*; M. praefica*; M. tenebricosa*; M. tessellum; Masicera sphingivora; Medina collaris*; Microphthalma europaea; Microsoma exiguum*; Mintho rufiventris; Nemoraea pellucida*; Nemorilla maculosa; Neophryxe vallina*; Nilea innoxia*; Nowickia atripalpis*; N. danileveskyi; N. ferox*; Ocytata pallipes*; Pales pavida; Paratryphera barbatula*; Peleteria meridionalis; Periarchiclops scutellaris*; Peribaea tibialis; Periscepsia carbonaria*; Phania funesta; Phasia hemiptera; P. obesa; P. pussila; P. subcoleoptrata; Phorinia aurifrons*; Phryxe nemea; P. vulgaris*; Phyllomya volvulus*; Picconia incurva*; Platymya fimbriata; Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata*; Ramonda spathulata*; Siphona paludosa*; Spallanzania hebes*; Stomina caliendrata*; S. iners*; Tachina fera; T. magna*; T. magnicornis; T. nupta; T. praeceps; Thelaira nigripes*; T. solivaga; Triarthria setipennis*; Voria ruralis; Zaira cinerea; Zeuxia cinerea*; Z. erythrea*; Z. nudigena*; Zophomyia temula*