Islamic social movements -- The enduring Ottoman legacy -- The tempering of the Kemalist Revolution: the emergence of multiparty politics -- The political economy of Islamic discourse -- The role of literacy and the media in the Islamic movement -- The matrix of Turkish Islamic movements: the Naksibendi Sufi order -- Print-based Islamic discourse: the Nur movement -- The Neo-Nur movement and Fethullah Gulen -- The national outlook movement and the rise of the Refah party -- The securitization of Islam and the triumph of the AKP.