/ Dave J. Adams, Paul J. Dyson, and Stewart J. Tavener
.PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC
Place of Publication, Distribution, etc.
Chichester, West Sussex, England ; Hoboken, NJ
Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.
: J. Wiley,
Date of Publication, Distribution, etc.
, c2004.
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Specific Material Designation and Extent of Item
xvi, 251 p. , ill. (some col.) , 24 cm.
NOTES PERTAINING TO PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC.
Text of Note
Electronic
INTERNAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES/INDEXES NOTE
Text of Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
CONTENTS NOTE
Text of Note
Chemistry in Alternative Reaction Media -- Economic and Political Considerations -- Why Do Things Dissolve? -- Solvent Properties and Solvent Classification -- Density -- Mass Transport -- Boiling Point, Melting Point and Volatility -- Solvents as Heat-Transfer Media -- Cohesive Pressure, Internal Pressure, and Solubility Parameter -- Solvent Polarity -- Dipole Moment and Dispersive Forces -- Dielectric Constant -- Electron Pair Donor and Acceptor Numbers -- Empirical Polarity Scales -- E[superscript N subscript T] and E[subscript T](30) Parameters -- Kamlet--Taft Parameters -- Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) and Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA) Solvents -- The Effect of Solvent Polarity on Chemical Systems -- The Effect of Solvent Polarity on Chemical Reactions -- The Effect of Solvent Polarity on Equilibria -- What is Required from Alternative Solvent Strategies? -- Multiphasic Solvent Systems -- An Introduction to Multiphasic Chemistry -- The Traditional Biphasic Approach -- Temperature Dependent Solvent Systems -- Single- to Two-Phase Systems -- Multiphasic Systems -- Solvent Combinations -- Water -- Fluorous Solvents -- Ionic Liquids -- Supercritical Fluids and Other Solvent Combinations -- Benefits and Problems Associated with Multiphasic Systems -- Partially Miscible Liquids -- Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions -- Rate is Independent of Stoichiometry -- Rate is Determined by the Probability of Reactants Meeting -- Rate is Measured by the Concentration of the Reagents -- Catalysed Systems -- Kinetics of Biphasic Reactions -- The Concentration of Reactants in Each Phase is Affected by Diffusion -- The Concentration of the Reactants and Products in the Reacting Phase is Determined by Their Partition Coefficients -- The Partition Coefficients of the Reactants and Products May Alter the Position of the Equilibrium -- Effect of Diffusion on Rate -- Determining the Rate of a Reaction in a Biphasic System -- Reactions in Fluorous Media -- Properties of Perfluorinated Solvents -- Designing Molecules for Fluorous Compatibility -- Probing the Effect of Perfluoroalkylation on Ligand Properties -- Partition Coefficients -- Liquid--Liquid Extractions -- Solid Separations -- Ionic Liquids -- The Cations and Anions -- Synthesis of Ionic Liquids -- Physical Properties of Ionic Liquids -- Benefits and Problems Associated with Using Ionic Liquids in Synthesis -- Catalyst Design -- Reactions in Water -- The Structure and Properties of Water -- Near-Critical Water -- The Hydrophobic Effect -- The Salt Effect -- The Benefits and Problems Associated with Using Water in Chemical Synthesis -- Organometallic Reactions in Water -- Aqueous Biphasic Catalysis -- Ligands for Aqueous--Organic Biphasic Catalysis -- Phase Transfer Catalysis -- The Transfer of Nucleophiles into Organic Solvents -- Mechanisms of Nucleophilic Substitutions Under Phase Transfer Conditions -- The Rates of Phase Transfer Reactions -- Using Inorganic Reagents in Organic Reactions -- Organometallic Catalysis under Phase Transfer Conditions -- Triphase Catalysis -- Mixing Efficiency in Solid--Liquid Reactions -- Supercritical Fluids -- Physical Properties -- Local Density Augmentation -- Supercritical Fluids as Replacement Solvents -- Reactor Design -- Spectroscopic Analysis of Supercritical Media -- Vibrational Spectroscopy -- NMR Spectroscopy -- Reactions in Supercritical Media -- Diels--Alder Reactions in Alternative Media -- Diels--Alder Reactions in Water -- Diels--Alder Reactions in Perfluorinated Solvents -- Diels--Alder Reactions in Ionic Liquids -- Diels--Alder Reactions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide -- Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation Reactions in Alternative Solvents -- Hydrogenation of Simple Alkenes and Arenes -- Hydrogenation in Water -- Hydrogenation in Ionic Liquids -- Hydrogenation in Fluorous Solvents -- Hydrogenation in Supercritical Fluids -- Hydroformylation Reactions in Alternative Media -- Hydroformylation in Water -- Hydroformylation in Ionic Liquids --s Hydroformylation in Fluorous Solvents -- Hydroformylation in Supercritical Fluids -- From Alkanes to CO[subscript 2]: Oxidation in Alternative Reaction Media -- Oxidation of Alkanes -- Oxidation of Alkenes -- Oxidation of Alcohols -- Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones -- Destructive Oxidation -- Carbon--Carbon Bond Formation, Metathesis and Polymerization -- Carbon--Carbon Coupling Reactions -- Heck Coupling Reactions -- Suzuki Coupling Reactions -- Reactions Involving the Formation of C=C Double Bonds -- Metathesis Reactions -- Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization -- Ring Closing Metathesis -- Polymerization Reactions in Alternative Reaction Media -- Polymerization Reactions in Water -- Polymerization Reactions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide -- Polymerization in Fluorous Solvents -- Alternative Reaction Media in Industrial Processes -- Obstacles and Opportunities for Alternative Media -- Reactor Considerations for Alternative Media -- Batch Reactors -- Flow Reactors -- New Technology Suitable for Multiphasic Reactions -- Industrial Applications of Alternative Solvent Systems -- The Development of the First Aqueous--Organic Biphasic Hydroformylation Plant -- Other Examples of Processes Using Water as a Solvent -- Scale-Up of PTC Systems -- Thomas Swan Supercritical Fluid Plant -- Other Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide -- Outlook for Fluorous Solvents and Ionic Liquids.