This article analyzes the relationship between religion and state from the viewpoint of Enlightenment philosophers who have shaped political modernity, along with their solutions to the religion-state relationship consonant with human freedom. In so doing, this article underlines the stakes of politicizing religion within modern democracies, highlighting particular approaches by contemporary religious thinkers and philosophical scholars that sketch out ways in which human freedom, both political and religious-theological, may be promoted. This article analyzes the relationship between religion and state from the viewpoint of Enlightenment philosophers who have shaped political modernity, along with their solutions to the religion-state relationship consonant with human freedom. In so doing, this article underlines the stakes of politicizing religion within modern democracies, highlighting particular approaches by contemporary religious thinkers and philosophical scholars that sketch out ways in which human freedom, both political and religious-theological, may be promoted.