The starting point of this presentation of data is the modern Persian deverbative nominal abstract in -éš. These are freely formed in Persian from the present stems of verbs. A trustworthy standard source on the origin of this suffix is P. Horn, "Neupersische Schriftsprache", Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie, I, 182 The starting point of this presentation of data is the modern Persian deverbative nominal abstract in -éš. These are freely formed in Persian from the present stems of verbs. A trustworthy standard source on the origin of this suffix is P. Horn, "Neupersische Schriftsprache", Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie, I, 182