Çeşme is a market town, with a wide, protected natural harbour, on the Aegean coast of present-day Turkey, at the northwestern edge of the Urla peninsula. The Aydınoğulları ruled Çeşme until the early fourteenth century, and the Ottomans incorporated it into their realm in 829/1426. The harbour served as a military base, and a castle and a mosque were erected in the town in 914/1508, during the reign of Sultan Bayezid (Sulṭān Bāyezīd II, r. 886-918/1481-1512). In 937/1530, Çeşme's population consisted of