Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥakīm (961-93/1554-85) was a younger half-brother and major political competitor of Akbar (r. 963-1014/1556-1605), third emperor of the Mughal Empire. He was born in 961/1554 to the Mughal emperor Humāyūn (r. 937-47/1530-40, 962-3/1555-6) and Māh Chuchak Bīgam (d. 971/1564), the fourth and youngest of Humāyūn's wives. Mīrzā Ḥakīm and Akbar were the only sons of Humāyūn to survive to adulthood. Following Humāyūn's death in 963/1556, the nascent Mughal empire was