Harput (Arm. Kharberd; Ott. Kharbird, Khartabirt; Arab. Ḥiṣn Ziyād, Khartabirt) is a small city on top of a rock on an upland plain east of the Euphrates, now in the Republic of Turkey. It has always functioned as a transport node, connected in particular with Malatya and many other cities to the west, as well as Amid (Āmid)/Diyarbakır to the southeast.), accepting population from the city of Shimshāṭ (Gr. Arsamosata), on the bank of the Euphrates further east. After seizure by a Turk, Çubuk, c.480/1085, it was