عنوان
پدید آورنده
موضوع
رده
کتابخانه
محل استقرار
NATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY NUMBER
Number
ALei2049
LANGUAGE OF THE ITEM
.Language of Text, Soundtrack etc
انگلیسی
TITLE AND STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
Title Proper
Fines - Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
General Material Designation
[Article]
First Statement of Responsibility
Ergene, Bogaç A.
.PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC
Place of Publication, Distribution, etc.
Leiden
Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.
Brill
GENERAL NOTES
Text of Note
(1,011 words)
SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
Text of Note
Fines are monetary penalties imposed by legal and administrative authorities for a variety of offences. Fines were commonly used as a form of punishment in the Middle East before the rise of Islam in the seventh century C.E. The Byzantines and Sāsānians regularly utilised fines as legal and administrative measures. The Qurʾān does not mention fines. In classical discussions of law, however, the fine was considered a form of taʿzīr , or discretionary punishment, although there were disagreements on this interpretation. Mālik b. Anas (d. 179/796) and al-Shāfiʿī (
SET
Title
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
International Standard Serial Number
9789004356665
TOPICAL NAME USED AS SUBJECT
Islam.
PERSONAL NAME - PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY
Ergene, Bogaç A.
ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS
Electronic name
مطالعه متن کتاب [Article]
275578
a
Y
