Createdness of the Qurʾān - Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
General Material Designation
[Article]
First Statement of Responsibility
Martin, Richard C.
.PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC
Place of Publication, Distribution, etc.
Leiden
Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.
Brill
GENERAL NOTES
Text of Note
(1,001 words)
SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
Text of Note
The createdness of the Qurʾān as God's speech (kalām Allāh) became the basis of a heated controversy in the second/eighth century that had serious theological and political consequences. The controversy was over the claim of some dialectical theologians (mutakallimūn) that the Qurʾān, which is known to humans in its oral and written forms, was created (makhlūq) by God. The doctrine of the created Qurʾān (khalq al-Qurʾān) was argued and defended chiefly, but not exclusively, by the Muʿtazilī school of theology. Some Shīʿīs, particular the Zaydī (Fiver) sect