The Treaty of Amasya , which was concluded on 8 Receb (Rajab) 962/29 May 1555, ended a protracted conflict between the Ottomans and the Ṣafavids that had begun shortly after the rise of Shāh Ismāʿīl I (r. 907-30/1501-24), the founder of the Ṣafavid dynasty. The shah had declared Twelver Shīʿism the state religion in Iran and used his influence among his Shīʿite followers (known as Kızılbaş/ Qızılbāş) in eastern Anatolia to foment rebellion against the Ottomans, starting in 916/1510-1. The turmoil in Anatolia was one