The Politics of Norplant: Feminism, Civil Rights, and Social Policy in the 1990s
General Material Designation
[Thesis]
First Statement of Responsibility
Licata, Justina Carmela
Subsequent Statement of Responsibility
Levenstein, Lisa
.PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC
Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Date of Publication, Distribution, etc.
2020
GENERAL NOTES
Text of Note
186 p.
DISSERTATION (THESIS) NOTE
Dissertation or thesis details and type of degree
Ph.D.
Body granting the degree
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Text preceding or following the note
2020
SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
Text of Note
In December 1990, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Norplant, the first subdermal implantable contraceptive device ever manufactured. Norplant consisted of six thin, silicone rubber rods that were surgically inserted under the skin of a woman's arm, slowly releasing hormones to prevent pregnancies for up to five years. Many people in the United States celebrated its approval, including some feminists and doctors. They believed new contraceptive research would afford women greater reproductive control and additional freedoms. But feminists in Bangladesh, Brazil, and Egypt had been claiming that the drug's testing trials were unethical, and that Norplant was unsafe. They warned U.S. activists about these dangers and within months, their predictions came to fruition. Judges, lawmakers, and community leaders pressured poor and minority women to use Norplant and many claimed they experienced terrible side effects from the drug. After U.S. women's health activists mobilized on patients' behalf, class action lawyers took notice and filed 200 lawsuits against Norplant's manufacturer on behalf of fifty thousand women. Just twelve years after its FDA approval, Norplant was removed from the American market. This dissertation investigates the many historical constructions that defined Norplant from its development in the 1960s to its downfall.