عنوان

Islam in historical perspective /

(Number (ISBN

1138193690

(Number (ISBN

1138193704

(Number (ISBN

9781138193697

(Number (ISBN

9781138193703

(Number (ISBN

9781315639222

Erroneous ISBN

131563922X

Number

bc10130

.Language of Text, Soundtrack etc

انگلیسی

Title Proper

Islam in historical perspective /

General Material Designation

[Book]

First Statement of Responsibility

Alexander Knysh.

Edition Statement

Second edition.

Place of Publication, Distribution, etc.

London :

Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.

Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group,

Date of Publication, Distribution, etc.

2017.

Specific Material Designation and Extent of Item

xvii, 533 pages :

Other Physical Details

illustrations ;

Dimensions

27 cm

Text of Note

Includes bibliographical references (pages 500-510) and index.

Text of Note

Machine generated contents note: What Is Islam? -- Multiplicity of Approaches to the Study of Islam -- Islam as an Object of Interpretation and a Source of Meaning -- Notes -- 1.Arabia: The Cradle of Islam -- Geography -- The Arabs -- Bedouin Lifestyle -- Social Structures -- Raiding and Warfare -- Mecca: A Trade Hub -- Mecca: A Religious Center -- Other Religious Communities of Arabia -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 2.Muhammad and the Beginnings of Islam: The Making of the Muslim Community -- Muhammad's Background and Early Life -- The First Revelations -- Muhammad's Public Preaching and Opposition to It -- Migration (Hijra) and the Formation of the Islamic Umma -- Muhammad as Political and Religious Leader and Private Individual -- The Battle of Uhud -- The Battle of the Ditch -- Muhammad and the Bedouin Tribes of Arabia -- The Conquest of Mecca and Beyond -- Conclusions -- Question to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes

Text of Note

Note continued: 12.Shi'ism as a Revolutionary Movement: The Isma'ilis -- Who Are the Isma'ilis? -- The Rise and Spread of Revolutionary Isma'ilism -- The Teaching and the Mission -- The Proclamation of 'Abdallah ('Ubaydallah) the Mahdi, and the Qarmati -- Fatimid Split -- The Rise of the Fatimids -- The Conquest of Egypt and the Consolidation of Fatimid Power -- Another Split: Al-Hakim and the Druzes -- The Crisis Over Al-Mustansir's Succession and the Rise of the Nizari Community -- The Principal Articles of the Nizari Creed -- The Collapse of the Fatimid Caliphate -- The Hafizi-Tayyibi Split and Its Impact on the Fortunes of Later Isma'ilism -- The Qarmati Revolt and the Rise and Fall of the Qarmati State in Bahrain -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 13.Ascetic and Mystical Movement in Islam: Sufism -- Introduction -- The Name and the Beginnings -- Basic Ideas and Goals -- The Archetypal "Sufi": Al-Hasan al-Basri and His Followers

Text of Note

Note continued: 3.After Muhammad: The Rightly Guided Caliphs and the Conquests -- The Muslim Conquests Under 'Umar -- The Conquest of Syria and Palestine -- The Conquest of Iraq -- The Conquest of Egypt -- The Conquests Continue: The Fall of the Sasanid Empire -- The Death of 'Umar and the Succession of 'Uthman -- Conclusions -- Question to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 4.The Murder of 'Uthman, the Fitna Wars, and the Rise and Consolidation of the Umayyad Dynasty -- Who's "Right" and Who's "Wrong"? -- The Election of 'Uthman -- Grievances Against 'Uthman -- The Accession of 'AH and the Battle of the Camel -- The Struggle Between 'AH and Mu 'awiya -- The Battle of Siffin -- The Kharijites -- The Last Years of 'All's Caliphate -- Mu 'awiya Becomes Caliph -- The Death of 'Mu awiya, the Accession of Yazid, and the Tragedy at Karbala' -- The Caliphate of 'Abdallah b. al-Zubayr -- The Rebellion of Mukhtar

Text of Note

Note continued: In Quest of Liberal Islam -- The Principal Themes of Islamic Liberalism -- The Geopolitical Roots of Liberal Islam -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 24.The Ideology and Practice of Globalized Jihadism -- The Afghan War, 'Abdallah 'Azzam, and the Rise of Transnational Jihadism -- Changing the Target and Means: al-Qa'ida, Usama bin Ladin, and Ayman al-Zawahiri -- Instead of a Conclusion: Does the Islamist Project Have a Future? -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes.

Text of Note

Note continued: Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 15.Transmission and Conservation of Knowledge: `Ulama', Madrasas, and Sufi Lodges -- The Status, Venues, and Bearers of Learning in Muslim Societies -- Elementary Education: The Kuttab -- The Muslim College: Madrasa -- The Economic Foundations of Madrasa Education -- Methods and Curricula of Madrasa Education -- Sufi Lodges -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 16.The Basic Beliefs and Practices of Islam: Islamic Life Cycle -- Islamic Ethos and the Five Pillars -- Visiting the Prophet's Tomb at Medina -- How Religion Shapes the Lives of Individual Muslims -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 17.Islamic Art and Religious Architecture (Mosque) -- The Qur'an as the Focus of Devotion -- Scriptural Evidence Against Figural Arts -- How Did Artists Respond to the Restrictions? -- The Mosque: Architectural and Devotional Aspects -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder

Text of Note

Note continued: Regional Manifestations -- The Formation of the Baghdadi School of Sufism -- The Systematization of the Sufi Tradition -- The Maturity of Sufi Science: Al-Ghazali the Conciliator -- Sufism as Literature -- Sufi Metaphysics: The Impact of Ibn 'Arabi -- Major Intellectual and Practical Trends in Later Sufism -- The Rise and Spread of Sufi Brotherhoods (Tariqas) -- Sufism and the Cult of "Friends of God" (Saints) -- Sufism and Shi'ism -- Sufism Today -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 14.Intellectual Struggles in Premodern Islam: Philosophy Versus Theology -- Falsafa as a Rational Discipline -- Falsafa and Kalam -- Falsafa as an Elaboration of Neoplatonic Doctrines -- The Beginnings of Falsafa -- Al-Kindi, the Philosopher of the Arabs -- Abu Bakr al-Razi, the Physician and Freethinker -- Al-Farabi, the Second Teacher -- Ibn Sina (Avicenna) -- Al-Ghazali, the Proof of Islam -- Ibn Rushd (Averroes), the Commentator -- Conclusions

Text of Note

Note continued: Sacred or Holy Hadith (Hadith Qudsi) -- The Emergence of the Shari'a Law -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 7.The Problem of the Just Ruler and the First Divisions Within the Community -- Opposition to the Umayyads -- The Rise of the Mawali -- The Kharijites -- `Ali's Party -- The Uneasy Loyalists -- Some Early Theological Concepts -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 8.The 'Abbasid Revolution and Beyond -- The Theological Underpinnings -- The Sources of Discontent -- The Turn of the Wheel: 'Abbasid Propaganda and the Beginning of the Third Fitna -- The Triumph of the 'Abbdsid Cause -- The Consolidation of 'Abbdsid Power -- The Rearticulation of the Doctrine of the Imamate -- Conclusion: The 'Abbdsid Empire at Its Prime -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 9.Islamic Scholarship Under the 'Abbasids: The Rise and Development of the Schools of Law -- Introduction

Text of Note

Note continued: Summary -- Notes -- 18.Women in Islamic Societies -- The Controversial Topic -- Women in the Qur'an -- Women in Hadith and Fiqh -- Theorizing the Muslim Woman -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 19.Islam and the West -- The Arab Conquests of Christian Lands -- The Beginnings of the Crusader Movement in Europe -- God's Wars: The First Crusades and the Muslim Response -- The Muslims Strike Back -- The Legacy of the Crusades -- The Founder of Islam and His Message in the Eyes of His Followers and Through the Christian Looking Glass -- The Scandinavian Caricatures of Muhammad and the Resurgence of Old Prejudices -- Islamic Influences on European Culture -- The Curious (and Inexplicable) Rise of the West -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 20.Islam in the Gunpowder Empires: The World of Islam Faces Modernity and European Colonialism -- The Gunpowder Empires -- What Is Modernity?

Text of Note

Note continued: The Beginnings of European Colonial Expansion -- Muslim Responses: Economic and Social -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 21.Renewal and Reform in Islam: The Emergence of Islamic Modernism and Reformism -- Different Reformers and Different Reforms -- The Fundamentalist Reform of Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Wahhab (d. 1792) -- The Modernist Reforms of al-Afghani and 'Abdo -- Muhammad Rashid Rida (d. 1935) and al-Manar -- By Way of Conclusion: A Summary of the Major Precepts of Islamic Reform -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 22.Islam as a Political Force and Vehicle of Opposition -- Major Stages of the Movement for Reform and Renewal of Islam -- The Complicated Issue of Terminology -- The Latest Stages of the Evolution of Islamic Activism -- Ayatollah Khomeini (d. 1989) and the Iranian Revolution -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 23.Islam Reinterpreted: Major Trends in Islamic Thought Today

Text of Note

Note continued: The Doctrine of Postponement and the Problem of Faith -- The Emergence of Mu 'tazilism -- The Supporters of Hadith and Their Theological Creed -- Ibn Hanbal and the Inquisition -- The Theological "Middle Way": Ash'arism -- Ash 'arism, Maturidism, and the Hadith Party -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 11.Twelver Shi'ism and Zaydism -- The Crystallization of the Shi'ite Creed in Opposition to Sunnism -- The Divergence of the Shi'ite and Sunni Visions of Islam -- The Vicissitudes of the Shi'ite Imamate Under the 'Abbasids -- The Shi'ite Community in the Absence of the Divinely Ordained Guide -- The Political and Social Aspects of the Doctrine of Occultation -- "The Shi'ite Century" (946 -- 1055): Political and Social Aspects -- The Blossoming of Shi'ite Theology and Jurisprudence -- Shi'ite Views of the Qur'an -- Zaydism -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes

Text of Note

Note continued: The End of 'Abdallah b. al-Zubayr's Caliphate and the Triumph of the Marwanids -- The Consolidation of Umayyad Power Under 'Abd al-Malik and His Successors -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 5.The Principal Source of Islam: The Qur'an -- The Qur'an as Revelation and Sacred Book -- The Name and Structure -- The Language of the Qur'an -- The Mysterious Letters -- The Collection of the Qur'an -- The Central Theme of the Qur'an: God -- The Prophets and Messengers -- The Judgment Day, Paradise, and Hell -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 6.The Prophetic Hadith and Sunna and the Emergence of the Shari'a -- Hadith as the Muslim Gospel? -- The Importance of Hadith -- The Types of Hadith -- The Transmission and Collection of Hadith -- The Writing Down of Hadith and the Elevation of the Status of the Prophet's Sunna -- The Six Sunni Hadith Collections -- The Shi'ite Hadith

Text of Note

Note continued: The Major Stages of the Evolution of Islamic Legal Thought -- The Qur'anic Roots of Islamic Law -- Qur'anic Legislation Pertaining to Marriage, Divorce, and Inheritance -- Qur'anic Punishments for Homicide -- Fiqh, the Fuqaha', the Muftis, and the Judges -- The Abrogation Theory -- The "Qur'anic Commands" That Are Not in the Qur'an -- The Formation of the Regional Schools of Law -- Muhammad al-Shdfi'i (d. 820) and the Crystallization of the Islamic Legal Theory -- The Four Roots of Islamic Jurisprudence -- Later Developments -- Parallel Systems of Justice Under the 'Abbasids -- Conclusions -- Questions to Ponder -- Summary -- Notes -- 10.Islamic Scholarship Under the 'Abbasids: Theological Debates and Schools of Thought -- The Qur'an as the Foundation of Islamic Faith and Cult and an Object of Disputation -- The Beginnings of Theological Reasoning in Islam -- Divine Predestination Versus Human Free Will

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Islam-- Historiography.

Islam-- History.

Islam-- Historiography.

Islam-- Historiography.

Islam-- History.

Islam.

Number

Edition

Class number

Book number

Knysh, Alexander D.

Date of Transaction

20210822083653.0

Cataloguing Rules (Descriptive Conventions))

rda

Electronic name

[Book]

270410

Y