1. Introduction / Vladimir Murashov and John Howard -- 2. Current perspectives in nanotechnology terminology and nomenclature / Fred Klaessig, Martha Marrapese, and Shuji Abe -- 3. Nanoscale reference materials / Gert Roebben, Hendrik Emons, and Georg Reiners -- 4. Nanoscale metrology and needs for an emerging technology / Jennifer E. Decker and Alan G. Steele -- 5. Performance standards / Werner Bergholz and Norbert Fabricius -- 6. Current standardization activities of measurement and characterization for industrial applications / Shingo Ichimura and Hidehiko Nonaka -- 7. Implications of measurement standards for characterizing and minimizing risk nanomaterials / David S. Ensor -- 8. Nanomaterial toxicity : emerging standards and efforts to support standards development / Laurie E. Locascio [and others] -- 9. Health and safety standards / Vladimir Murashov and John Howard -- 10. Nanotechnology standards and international legal considerations / Chris Bell and Martha Marrapese.